tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1475686573087505602024-03-05T20:58:36.591-08:00Sense and SensibilitySensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.comBlogger31125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-85005531634998820902015-07-23T19:21:00.002-07:002015-07-23T19:23:51.394-07:00[Private] Property Price Index in Singapore<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.ura.gov.sg/uol/media-room/news/2015/jul/pr15-39.aspx">http://www.ura.gov.sg/uol/media-room/news/2015/jul/pr15-39.aspx</a></span></div>
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Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-30983641774097741792015-03-25T16:07:00.002-07:002015-03-25T16:07:19.190-07:00Survivor's Guide to Visting LKY @ Parliament House<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://i.imgur.com/geQAsbK.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.imgur.com/geQAsbK.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></div>
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Bring along these items:<br />
<ol>
<li>At least 500ml of drinking water</li>
<li>A book to read</li>
<li>Tablet</li>
<li>An umbrella (in case it rains or simply to avoid the sun)</li>
<li>A fully charged smartphone</li>
<li>A fully charged mobile device battery</li>
<li>A towel</li>
<li>Some snacks</li>
<li>Tiger Balm (just in case)</li>
</ol>
Start queuing with an empty bladder (and possibly go with budd(ies) in case you need to visit the loo).<br />
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Estimated waiting time for those starting the queue at noon (Wed, 25 March 2015) is 3-4 hours.<br />
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Take care.Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com28tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-68945841085040166082014-10-11T09:30:00.001-07:002014-10-26T23:37:09.473-07:00<h1>
<span style="font-size: large;">The Battle for Merger: 12x Audio Files (English, Chinese, Malay)</span><br /><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Published on : 9 Oct 2014</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="The Battle for Merger – Book and Exhibition" class="img_left" src="http://www.nlb.gov.sg/Portals/0/What%27s%20New/BFMcoverthumb_300dpi2.jpg" height="225px" width="226px" />
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<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">The year was 1961. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew gave a series of 12 radio talks in English, Malay and Mandarin. <br />These radio talks were intended to highlight to the Singaporean public that merger with Malaya <br />was crucial for Singapore’s survival as a fledgling state. The radio talks had also another crucial <br />objective: to expose the threat of the Communists and their attempts to derail merger. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">It was a battle with the Communists for the hearts and minds of the people of Singapore. <br />At stake: the future of Singapore’s happiness, prosperity and progress. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><u><br />Book</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">The fascinating transcripts of the radio talks and more can be found in the recently launched reprint <br />of The Battle For Merger – now with new material, including a message from Mr Lee Kuan Yew, <br />a historical background to the events described in the radio talks, guide to the key players and <br />audio recordings of the radio talks in a DVD.</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: ''; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u>12x Audio Files (English, Chinese & Malay)</u></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Source: <a href="http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/public/audiovisual_records/TheBattleForMergerRadioTalks.htm">http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/public/audiovisual_records/TheBattleForMergerRadioTalks.htm</a></i></span></span></div>
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<u style="font-size: medium; text-align: justify;">12x Audio Files (English, Chinese & Malay)</u></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Download them in 12 individual MP3 format here:</span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download/473e6szixj00sos/The_Battle_for_Merger_Radio_Talks_(12x_MP3).7Z">http://www.mediafire.com/download/473e6szixj00sos/The_Battle_for_Merger_Radio_Talks_(12x_MP3).7Z</a></span></span></div>
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Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-90763457678052292442013-01-11T02:56:00.003-08:002013-01-11T03:01:37.917-08:00Political Tears<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-78652279607840337492012-12-09T06:26:00.002-08:002012-12-09T06:26:49.360-08:00"The Love of My Life" by Wong Ming Yang U6B2<b></b><br />
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<b>THE LOVE OF MY LIFE
<br /><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">WONG MING YANG U6B2</span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">
</span></b><br />
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Lean back, relax, watch the fluttering curtains and
feel the soft caress of the midnight breeze on your cheek, let the
mellowness and beauty of the still night envelop you in all its
loveliness and majesty…. The symbolic crash of the opening chords, the
brilliant rush into the exposition of the symphony, the meticulous
articulation of the long, bony fingers of the virtuoso in a rippling
concerto cadenza, the intense frown of concentration on the brow of the
violin maestro as he surges through a <i>pizzicato</i> passage, the
sweet, bird-like trill of the piccolo, the metallic tom-tom of the
timpani, the nostalgic faraway call of the French Horn, the delicate
chime-like ring of the<b> </b>lament of the trombone, the clicking of
the castanets, the firefly darting of the white tip of the conductor's
baton, until the very, very last note has died away from a <i>forte-fortissimo</i>
to nothingness…. you sit through them all, completely entranced and
enmeshed in the vice-like grip of the fierce, compelling, intoxicating
and passionate music. You shed a silent tear and whisper grateful,
humble thanks to God for such priceless, irreplaceable blessings.</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
Music is a long-accepted form of entertainment,
pleasure and education; music is an expression, a way of living, life
itself; music is the food of love; the symbol of our hopes, aspirations,
dreams, which may soar as high as the skies or plunge into the abyssmal
depths of the seas, the despair, agonies of parting, the sadness and
gloom of the dying, and death. What better time is there to speak of
music than now, when this world of ours, throbbing with life, sees
science, technology and civilisation scaling new peaks and conquering
former insurmountables, when Man has begun a take-over of the once
inaccessible moon, when babies are born in test-tubes, when
computerization threatens to replace man, when extinction of the human
race by new gas and chemical warfare is not impossible, when the first
strains of sweet melodies have soared in the skies above in the dizzy
and rapturous heights reached by the Apollo 11 spacecraft?</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<br /></div>
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Appreciate the values of music. Listen, and allow
your emotions free rein and your imagination unlimited scope and
discover the hidden depths that music can penetrate. You begin to
understand the necessity of aestheticism which provides a release valve
from the pent-up feelings of a mad whirlwind, the relentless and
disastrous rushing of today's world. You delve into the hearts of
composers and musicians long dead and gone. Their memories linger with
their immortal melodies still affecting us as much as our ancestors. You
strengthen the bonds, ripe with age, between this modern generation and
that of our forefathers, you understand what you can do to music and
what it can do for you. You realise the parallelism of history, great
events and music.</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
Man and his Music are related closely. "Music is the
idealization of the natural language of our emotions." It is more than
Nature; it is "Nature's essence." The appeal of music is universal;
one's response to it is also universal, and could hardly be more
strongly felt. True, music appeals more to some than to others; certain
types of music arouse more feelings, than others, but the 'right' music
and the appropriate time have the desired effect. It has the power to
stir human and animal feelings, to calm and comfort, to excite and
exhilarate, to crush and drown.</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
Then compare the music of Bach, Handel and Scailatti
to that of Beethoven, Schubert, Weber, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms,
Tchaikovsky, Bartok, Debussy, Ravel, Britten, Kabalevsky, and so on.
The colourful, ornamental, theatrical, polyphonic Baroque period of Bach
and his contemporaries seeks to arouse musical feelings by its fineness
in artistry and delicacy. Beethoven finds it difficult to control his
intensity of feelings in his compositions and his tremendous bravura
passages with interspersed <i>pianissimo</i> effects provide a
convenient insight into his fiery and unpredictable character. This
musical genius was the creator of masterpieces which are today still
considered as among the finest of all ages. The Romantic composers also
sought to express their feelings in music - Schumann composed such
pieces as <i>Soaring</i> and <i>Whims</i>, which reflected the depth of
his love and the height of his Passion for Clara Wieck, and his music is
full of jumps and leaps and bounds. Ravel and Debussy, with their maxim
- "to name an object is to sacrifice three-quarters of that enjoyment
which comes from guessing bit by bit", established the school of
Impressionism, where allusive vagueness and atmospheric sensations were
used to create musical interest. Chopin, in his fierce nationalistic
pride, composed Polonaises and Mazurkas in honour of his native land and
so did Bela Bartok, the Hungarian composer whose music has a definite
folk song lilt. But, unlike the harmonious blendings so skillfully
contrived by these classical composers, contemporary writers have only
succeeded in creating discordant harmonies and melodies, which do not
merge or enrich each other, but collide, rebound and clamour for
recognition.</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
This is a trip into the fairyland of music, where a
myriad of songs, operas, symphonies, concertos, overtures, sonatas,
waltzes, suites, string quartets, oratorios, cantatas, nocturnes,
études, preludes and others await you. "Let no such man be trusted" was
said of the man who has no music in his ears. Are you so deaf that you
cannot hear, so blind, oh so very blind that you cannot see? So very
cold that you cannot, absolutely cannot feel?</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
http://www.viweb.freehosting.net/vilit_vic1969-2.htm</div>
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Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-63697865858940079142012-11-18T00:23:00.000-08:002012-11-18T00:23:33.878-08:00<u><b>Cancer & Smoking Related Literature </b></u><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ce87563a87abdb433d236f487c7ddcd4a5ffd3a9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ce87563a87abdb433d236f487c7ddcd4a5ffd3a9_Agachan:0">Agachan</span>, B. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in relation to tobacco smoking. Anticancer research, 29<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="41f8d390e07388aaca739cfb17f5c61bd2dd4ad9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_41f8d390e07388aaca739cfb17f5c61bd2dd4ad9_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="41f8d390e07388aaca739cfb17f5c61bd2dd4ad9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_41f8d390e07388aaca739cfb17f5c61bd2dd4ad9_.:1">.</span>2417–2420.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3004fe39716cd0d389588671354f519b673fd55e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3004fe39716cd0d389588671354f519b673fd55e_Amabile:0">Amabile</span>, J<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3004fe39716cd0d389588671354f519b673fd55e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3004fe39716cd0d389588671354f519b673fd55e_.:1">.</span>-C. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c46bd97d147a387946ce5d171459ae7ba9490663" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c46bd97d147a387946ce5d171459ae7ba9490663_Multifactorial:0">Multifactorial</span> study of the risk of lung cancer among French uranium miners: radon, smoking and silicosis. Health physics, 97<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="775079c392a1064b7cc1d132815d2b34ed6b266a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_775079c392a1064b7cc1d132815d2b34ed6b266a_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="775079c392a1064b7cc1d132815d2b34ed6b266a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_775079c392a1064b7cc1d132815d2b34ed6b266a_.:1">.</span>613–621.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f752309a093101f9302d0659f67814d26d6bb95" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f752309a093101f9302d0659f67814d26d6bb95_An:0">An</span>, S<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f752309a093101f9302d0659f67814d26d6bb95" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f752309a093101f9302d0659f67814d26d6bb95_.:1">.</span>-J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Identification of enriched driver gene alterations in subgroups of non-small cell lung cancer patients based on histology and smoking status. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bc4c805b1268481535aaf01cdfdff8aec7003a81" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bc4c805b1268481535aaf01cdfdff8aec7003a81_PloS:0">PloS</span> one, 7<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bc4c805b1268481535aaf01cdfdff8aec7003a81" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bc4c805b1268481535aaf01cdfdff8aec7003a81_(:1">(</span>6), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bc4c805b1268481535aaf01cdfdff8aec7003a81" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bc4c805b1268481535aaf01cdfdff8aec7003a81_.:2">.</span>e40109.<br />
Anna, L. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Relationship between TP53 <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="2a0dde44529d1c3a299b77b769f3885448b2d41f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_2a0dde44529d1c3a299b77b769f3885448b2d41f_tumour:0">tumour</span> suppressor gene mutations and smoking-related bulky DNA adducts in a lung cancer study population <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="2a0dde44529d1c3a299b77b769f3885448b2d41f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_2a0dde44529d1c3a299b77b769f3885448b2d41f_from:1">from</span> Hungary. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fde21224f1aea80ccfb4173bb0354b173b6180ed" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fde21224f1aea80ccfb4173bb0354b173b6180ed_Mutagenesis:0">Mutagenesis</span>, 24<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fde21224f1aea80ccfb4173bb0354b173b6180ed" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fde21224f1aea80ccfb4173bb0354b173b6180ed_(:1">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fde21224f1aea80ccfb4173bb0354b173b6180ed" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fde21224f1aea80ccfb4173bb0354b173b6180ed_.:2">.</span>475–480.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="20d8ccf5add3534444185d6efbb6f02c44547689" grtype="null" id="GRmark_20d8ccf5add3534444185d6efbb6f02c44547689_Bai:0">Bai</span>, J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Cigarette smoking, MDM2 SNP309, gene-environment interactions, and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, 72<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="da80e9d7d22c1005b7b1a6bc674983f03d74d710" grtype="null" id="GRmark_da80e9d7d22c1005b7b1a6bc674983f03d74d710_(:0">(</span>11-12), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="da80e9d7d22c1005b7b1a6bc674983f03d74d710" grtype="null" id="GRmark_da80e9d7d22c1005b7b1a6bc674983f03d74d710_.:1">.</span>677–682.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c7ee5ae111ac6c48d10f7d38036198422bdd895b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c7ee5ae111ac6c48d10f7d38036198422bdd895b_Balduyck:0">Balduyck</span>, B. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. The effect of smoking cessation on quality of life after lung cancer surgery. European journal of <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c2bf591b82acfd2eb7e2a24f2449b553b645963d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c2bf591b82acfd2eb7e2a24f2449b553b645963d_cardio:0">cardio</span>-thoracic surgery: official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery, 40<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c2bf591b82acfd2eb7e2a24f2449b553b645963d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c2bf591b82acfd2eb7e2a24f2449b553b645963d_(:1">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c2bf591b82acfd2eb7e2a24f2449b553b645963d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c2bf591b82acfd2eb7e2a24f2449b553b645963d_.:2">.</span>1432–1437; discussion 1437–1438.<br />
Beane, J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Characterizing the impact of smoking and lung cancer on the airway <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="63e90b97a028f3d6f2d6468b855aa8a7c2c6a7aa" grtype="null" id="GRmark_63e90b97a028f3d6f2d6468b855aa8a7c2c6a7aa_transcriptome:0">transcriptome</span> using RNA-Seq. Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 4<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c0db2408c1f08f74fbd0bcba02624c5c45d530a5" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c0db2408c1f08f74fbd0bcba02624c5c45d530a5_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c0db2408c1f08f74fbd0bcba02624c5c45d530a5" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c0db2408c1f08f74fbd0bcba02624c5c45d530a5_.:1">.</span>803–817.<br />
Bearz, A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Comment on ‘Lung cancer in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: role of smoking, immunodeficiency and pulmonary infection’. British journal of cancer, 106<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="79cb5cc0bf8bcdff5e694a3cafddd4738244b075" grtype="null" id="GRmark_79cb5cc0bf8bcdff5e694a3cafddd4738244b075_(:0">(</span>11), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="79cb5cc0bf8bcdff5e694a3cafddd4738244b075" grtype="null" id="GRmark_79cb5cc0bf8bcdff5e694a3cafddd4738244b075_.:1">.</span>1899–1900.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07c1a912c594a328bc9f2dadefd2252459cf2e79" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07c1a912c594a328bc9f2dadefd2252459cf2e79_Becze:0">Becze</span>, E., 2009. Patients with lung cancer encourage family members to stop smoking. ONS connect, 24<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="01cc236dcb0f5fcb1cdf194e088def205ceb6e1e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_01cc236dcb0f5fcb1cdf194e088def205ceb6e1e_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="01cc236dcb0f5fcb1cdf194e088def205ceb6e1e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_01cc236dcb0f5fcb1cdf194e088def205ceb6e1e_.:1">.</span>14–15.<br />
Begum, S., 2012. <b>Molecular changes in smoking-related lung cancer</b>. Expert review of molecular diagnostics, 12<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="acac9312b6eba6c312951b7a619c3674e0c153fd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_acac9312b6eba6c312951b7a619c3674e0c153fd_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="acac9312b6eba6c312951b7a619c3674e0c153fd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_acac9312b6eba6c312951b7a619c3674e0c153fd_.:1">.</span>93–106.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="866de3144a04ed03f4828fc9e295eff859d22bdf" grtype="null" id="GRmark_866de3144a04ed03f4828fc9e295eff859d22bdf_Beleford:0">Beleford</span>, D. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c83ca74847263604bb0a99656248aaa707ef84e4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c83ca74847263604bb0a99656248aaa707ef84e4_Methylation:0">Methylation</span> induced gene silencing of HtrA3 in smoking-related lung cancer. Clinical cancer research: an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 16<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0c541e245cb0eb29b11f0989e0f32f406a82d31e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0c541e245cb0eb29b11f0989e0f32f406a82d31e_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0c541e245cb0eb29b11f0989e0f32f406a82d31e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0c541e245cb0eb29b11f0989e0f32f406a82d31e_.:1">.</span>398–409.<br />
Bijwaard, H., Dekkers, F. & Van Dillen, T., 2011. Modelling lung cancer due to radon and smoking in WISMUT miners: preliminary results. Radiation protection dosimetry, 143<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6c9fcc6f2deadac3b792b4282b72832f3d1a25f6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6c9fcc6f2deadac3b792b4282b72832f3d1a25f6_(:0">(</span>2-4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6c9fcc6f2deadac3b792b4282b72832f3d1a25f6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6c9fcc6f2deadac3b792b4282b72832f3d1a25f6_.:1">.</span>380–383.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="79946a0d3839c4a8a2baf25c26659e9ecd33873f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_79946a0d3839c4a8a2baf25c26659e9ecd33873f_Boelens:0">Boelens</span>, M.C. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Current smoking-specific gene expression signature in normal bronchial epithelium is enhanced in squamous cell lung cancer. The Journal of pathology, 218<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d3afaaca3beadc661b1a6b6c6758d2f217874f28" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d3afaaca3beadc661b1a6b6c6758d2f217874f28_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d3afaaca3beadc661b1a6b6c6758d2f217874f28" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d3afaaca3beadc661b1a6b6c6758d2f217874f28_.:1">.</span>182–191.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fcda460f00079d645e4a36ec1e23827db5ce7d4b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fcda460f00079d645e4a36ec1e23827db5ce7d4b_Boffetta:0">Boffetta</span>, P. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Tobacco smoking as a risk factor of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung: pooled analysis of seven case-control studies in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Cancer causes & control: CCC, 22<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="76a0207e5f9959e131b19760edfcf7f27b93f9dc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_76a0207e5f9959e131b19760edfcf7f27b93f9dc_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="76a0207e5f9959e131b19760edfcf7f27b93f9dc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_76a0207e5f9959e131b19760edfcf7f27b93f9dc_.:1">.</span>73–79.<br />
Bottorff, J.L. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Continued family smoking after lung cancer diagnosis: the patient’s perspective. Oncology nursing forum, 36<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0cbcd1d5411118ea7c624746dd0c5a3a5fe3be24" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0cbcd1d5411118ea7c624746dd0c5a3a5fe3be24_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0cbcd1d5411118ea7c624746dd0c5a3a5fe3be24" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0cbcd1d5411118ea7c624746dd0c5a3a5fe3be24_.:1">.</span>E126–132.<br />
Bousman, C.A. & Madlensky, L., 2010. Family history of lung cancer and contemplation of smoking cessation. Preventing chronic disease, 7<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="18599e76efe396b9da6c2f3ac15fab68aa4e9ec4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_18599e76efe396b9da6c2f3ac15fab68aa4e9ec4_(:0">(</span>2), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="18599e76efe396b9da6c2f3ac15fab68aa4e9ec4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_18599e76efe396b9da6c2f3ac15fab68aa4e9ec4_.:1">.</span>A29.<br />
Browning, K.K. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. The Self-regulation Model of Illness applied to smoking behavior in lung cancer. Cancer nursing, 32<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0bc9cd85f068a7c12993f9b21abdbd52e96a4c80" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0bc9cd85f068a7c12993f9b21abdbd52e96a4c80_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0bc9cd85f068a7c12993f9b21abdbd52e96a4c80" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0bc9cd85f068a7c12993f9b21abdbd52e96a4c80_.:1">.</span>E15–25.<br />
Buch, S.C. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Genetic <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="888950fcf6f05211d53bff0ffb3a3550363d0e18" grtype="null" id="GRmark_888950fcf6f05211d53bff0ffb3a3550363d0e18_variability:0">variability</span> in DNA repair and cell cycle control pathway genes and risk of smoking-related lung cancer. Molecular <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f2e98af9a43fecc9e089bcdc838c023950808a9b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f2e98af9a43fecc9e089bcdc838c023950808a9b_carcinogenesis:0">carcinogenesis</span>, 51 Suppl 1, pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f2e98af9a43fecc9e089bcdc838c023950808a9b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f2e98af9a43fecc9e089bcdc838c023950808a9b_.:1">.</span>E11–20.<br />
Burns, D.M., Anderson, C.M. & Gray, N., 2011. Has the lung cancer risk from smoking increased over the last fifty years? Cancer causes & control: CCC, 22<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a27f017a70444d877304bc08c00f9d3a3c551b32" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a27f017a70444d877304bc08c00f9d3a3c551b32_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a27f017a70444d877304bc08c00f9d3a3c551b32" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a27f017a70444d877304bc08c00f9d3a3c551b32_.:1">.</span>389–397.<br />
Butler, K.M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Motivation to quit smoking among relatives of lung cancer patients. Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.), 28<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="93f78ccddf8e1e5aa0e05646262b06bec5160027" grtype="null" id="GRmark_93f78ccddf8e1e5aa0e05646262b06bec5160027_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="93f78ccddf8e1e5aa0e05646262b06bec5160027" grtype="null" id="GRmark_93f78ccddf8e1e5aa0e05646262b06bec5160027_.:1">.</span>43–50.<br />
Butler, M.W. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Modulation of <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f3c5770a0dbb4a68e96a56cd4c2cdb062ef37382" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f3c5770a0dbb4a68e96a56cd4c2cdb062ef37382_cystatin:0">cystatin</span> A expression in human airway epithelium related to genotype, smoking, COPD, and lung cancer. Cancer research, 71<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c552f674c4d5f13031be038c78ca2c719fbf7b2f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c552f674c4d5f13031be038c78ca2c719fbf7b2f_(:0">(</span>7), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c552f674c4d5f13031be038c78ca2c719fbf7b2f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c552f674c4d5f13031be038c78ca2c719fbf7b2f_.:1">.</span>2572–2581.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="20d5bf5494c4ff947bfb900cc1ed6395e8a60288" grtype="null" id="GRmark_20d5bf5494c4ff947bfb900cc1ed6395e8a60288_Campling:0">Campling</span>, B.G. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Spontaneous smoking cessation before lung cancer diagnosis. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 6<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="40411908a6a95c2a88039aa5fef903c939c2800c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_40411908a6a95c2a88039aa5fef903c939c2800c_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="40411908a6a95c2a88039aa5fef903c939c2800c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_40411908a6a95c2a88039aa5fef903c939c2800c_.:1">.</span>517–524.<br />
Carreras, G., Gorini, G. & Paci, E., 2012. Can a national lung cancer screening program in combination with smoking cessation policies cause an early decrease in tobacco deaths in Italy? Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 5<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c88585170ad3c9f6ccf67782b0612f396a988353" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c88585170ad3c9f6ccf67782b0612f396a988353_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c88585170ad3c9f6ccf67782b0612f396a988353" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c88585170ad3c9f6ccf67782b0612f396a988353_.:1">.</span>874–882.<br />
Cataldo, J.K., Dubey, S. & Prochaska, J.J., 2010. Smoking cessation: an integral part of lung cancer treatment. Oncology, 78<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4b528673bbe32cf8a03a20b185dbd65a78125793" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4b528673bbe32cf8a03a20b185dbd65a78125793_(:0">(</span>5-6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4b528673bbe32cf8a03a20b185dbd65a78125793" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4b528673bbe32cf8a03a20b185dbd65a78125793_.:1">.</span>289–301.<br />
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Chang, C<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4693ef279b754a58e338b39d27aff6564bafe6d2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4693ef279b754a58e338b39d27aff6564bafe6d2_.:0">.</span>-H. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Interactive effect of cigarette smoking with human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) polymorphisms on the risk of lung cancer: a case-control study in Taiwan. American journal of epidemiology, 170<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8ca77e89dbf61b07b737e4d24e65b98380bf8b16" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8ca77e89dbf61b07b737e4d24e65b98380bf8b16_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8ca77e89dbf61b07b737e4d24e65b98380bf8b16" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8ca77e89dbf61b07b737e4d24e65b98380bf8b16_.:1">.</span>695–702.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f0dbb79879ae211ee2791a2487063dfa36dec7d1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f0dbb79879ae211ee2791a2487063dfa36dec7d1_Chaouachi:0">Chaouachi</span>, K. & Sajid, K.M., 2010. A critique of recent hypotheses <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d60b77dc03cda5c1a90214ba8cdd4d69c62675d4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d60b77dc03cda5c1a90214ba8cdd4d69c62675d4_on:0">on</span> oral (and lung) cancer induced by water pipe (hookah, <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d60b77dc03cda5c1a90214ba8cdd4d69c62675d4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d60b77dc03cda5c1a90214ba8cdd4d69c62675d4_shisha:1">shisha</span>, narghile) tobacco smoking. Medical hypotheses, 74<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3abe914c289fddc1bf5f062650d1057073dc0e00" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3abe914c289fddc1bf5f062650d1057073dc0e00_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3abe914c289fddc1bf5f062650d1057073dc0e00" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3abe914c289fddc1bf5f062650d1057073dc0e00_.:1">.</span>843–846.<br />
Chen, J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Effect of cigarette smoking on quality of life in small cell lung cancer patients. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England: 1990), 48<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b11f6a7f25d825ccffa81786f67584bfdf789c11" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b11f6a7f25d825ccffa81786f67584bfdf789c11_(:0">(</span>11), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b11f6a7f25d825ccffa81786f67584bfdf789c11" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b11f6a7f25d825ccffa81786f67584bfdf789c11_.:1">.</span>1593–1601.<br />
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Cheng, Z. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. hOGG1, p53 genes, and smoking interactions are associated with the development of lung cancer. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 13<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c8ea747c46b1f162a55dc9dac27c59aef9119740" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c8ea747c46b1f162a55dc9dac27c59aef9119740_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c8ea747c46b1f162a55dc9dac27c59aef9119740" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c8ea747c46b1f162a55dc9dac27c59aef9119740_.:1">.</span>1803–1808.<br />
Chua, H.W. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Effect of MDM2 SNP309 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms on lung cancer risk and survival among non-smoking Chinese women in Singapore. BMC cancer, 10, p.88.<br />
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Clifford, G.M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Lung cancer in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: role of smoking, immunodeficiency and pulmonary infection. British journal of cancer, 106<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="038a2aa4b89e6e24e1a6e9a36ba28b4333fb0f33" grtype="null" id="GRmark_038a2aa4b89e6e24e1a6e9a36ba28b4333fb0f33_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="038a2aa4b89e6e24e1a6e9a36ba28b4333fb0f33" grtype="null" id="GRmark_038a2aa4b89e6e24e1a6e9a36ba28b4333fb0f33_.:1">.</span>447–452.<br />
Cooley, M.E. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Smoking cessation is challenging even for patients recovering from lung cancer surgery with curative intent. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 66<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5c9413c5aba82f8f5ba207c67f7edec6a98d01ae" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5c9413c5aba82f8f5ba207c67f7edec6a98d01ae_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5c9413c5aba82f8f5ba207c67f7edec6a98d01ae" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5c9413c5aba82f8f5ba207c67f7edec6a98d01ae_.:1">.</span>218–225.<br />
Cornfield, J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Smoking and lung cancer: recent evidence and a discussion of some questions. 1959. International journal of epidemiology, 38<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b80b0370343a8e1c1b74845bea3c100118424c3f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b80b0370343a8e1c1b74845bea3c100118424c3f_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b80b0370343a8e1c1b74845bea3c100118424c3f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b80b0370343a8e1c1b74845bea3c100118424c3f_.:1">.</span>1175–1191.<br />
Cox, D.R., 2009. Commentary: Smoking and lung cancer: reflections on a pioneering paper. International journal of epidemiology, 38<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22bf7fe6ee19d398f536aaa1f2f8bf95812ee16c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22bf7fe6ee19d398f536aaa1f2f8bf95812ee16c_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22bf7fe6ee19d398f536aaa1f2f8bf95812ee16c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22bf7fe6ee19d398f536aaa1f2f8bf95812ee16c_.:1">.</span>1192–1193.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fc09412678125b84415c3b5a4d8cb001a631ed12" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fc09412678125b84415c3b5a4d8cb001a631ed12_De:0">De</span> Bruin-Visser, J.C. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Integration of a smoking cessation program in the treatment protocol for patients with head and neck and lung cancer. European archives of oto-rhino-<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a0ec191d7780865d941c9aee646323b079f7bce6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a0ec191d7780865d941c9aee646323b079f7bce6_laryngology:0">laryngology</span>: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 269<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a0ec191d7780865d941c9aee646323b079f7bce6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a0ec191d7780865d941c9aee646323b079f7bce6_(:1">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a0ec191d7780865d941c9aee646323b079f7bce6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a0ec191d7780865d941c9aee646323b079f7bce6_.:2">.</span>659–665.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9019a81925961b90876a45b04309276b9f2ae02d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9019a81925961b90876a45b04309276b9f2ae02d_Didkowska:0">Didkowska</span>, J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Future lung cancer incidence in Poland and Finland based on forecasts on hypothetical changes in smoking habits. Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 50(1), pp.81–87.<br />
Dong, J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Association analyses identify multiple new lung cancer susceptibility loci and their interactions with smoking in the Chinese population. Nature genetics, 44<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="57a5702465c9fc29608a06da47a8711c371cc5c1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_57a5702465c9fc29608a06da47a8711c371cc5c1_(:0">(</span>8), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="57a5702465c9fc29608a06da47a8711c371cc5c1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_57a5702465c9fc29608a06da47a8711c371cc5c1_.:1">.</span>895–899.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0ed2015d4d31b80007960705e793b162febe34c4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0ed2015d4d31b80007960705e793b162febe34c4_Egawa:0">Egawa</span>, H. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Radiation and smoking effects on lung cancer incidence by <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a90f2d746033377eb79195e3a81ab0a0ee2bcb7b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a90f2d746033377eb79195e3a81ab0a0ee2bcb7b_histological:0">histological</span> types among atomic bomb survivors. Radiation research, 178<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="661987ebf39c9909769b3e8e295654daa21d6edc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_661987ebf39c9909769b3e8e295654daa21d6edc_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="661987ebf39c9909769b3e8e295654daa21d6edc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_661987ebf39c9909769b3e8e295654daa21d6edc_.:1">.</span>191–201.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="18120db492afff14c286f371c705204b3ad2d996" grtype="null" id="GRmark_18120db492afff14c286f371c705204b3ad2d996_Erhunmwunsee:0">Erhunmwunsee</span>, L. & Onaitis, M.W., 2009. Smoking cessation and the success of lung cancer surgery. Current oncology reports, 11<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="17430bd2571f8ba9de07dcc9939bb04deaed9518" grtype="null" id="GRmark_17430bd2571f8ba9de07dcc9939bb04deaed9518_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="17430bd2571f8ba9de07dcc9939bb04deaed9518" grtype="null" id="GRmark_17430bd2571f8ba9de07dcc9939bb04deaed9518_.:1">.</span>269–274.<br />
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<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3ca40e1c0cfd89dea262504fcad9ca3ffbc179e4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3ca40e1c0cfd89dea262504fcad9ca3ffbc179e4_Everatt:0">Everatt</span>, R., Kuzmickiene, I. & Senulis, A., 2011. Cigarette smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence in Lithuania: an analysis by histological type. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 47(4), pp.222–229.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="58bdcfd8aab5d818afa35ef62849105457bc52b6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_58bdcfd8aab5d818afa35ef62849105457bc52b6_Faehling:0">Faehling</span>, M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="88349d76bb0509ead4192598b7da98d22bfb08cd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_88349d76bb0509ead4192598b7da98d22bfb08cd_Benefit:0">Benefit</span> of erlotinib in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer is related to smoking status, gender, skin rash and <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="88349d76bb0509ead4192598b7da98d22bfb08cd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_88349d76bb0509ead4192598b7da98d22bfb08cd_radiological:1">radiological</span> response but not to histology and treatment line. Oncology, 78<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c4653ab56b7f6dd459c8dc6ef05b1dfcc9cc1bd0" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c4653ab56b7f6dd459c8dc6ef05b1dfcc9cc1bd0_(:0">(</span>3-4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c4653ab56b7f6dd459c8dc6ef05b1dfcc9cc1bd0" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c4653ab56b7f6dd459c8dc6ef05b1dfcc9cc1bd0_.:1">.</span>249–258.<br />
Fang, X. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="26c454dc0201d7b5dd8d32271c520f42cb9a1089" grtype="null" id="GRmark_26c454dc0201d7b5dd8d32271c520f42cb9a1089_et:0">et</span> al., 2013. Genetic network and gene set enrichment analysis to identify <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bbc62e3b6829882cb9f48ed227a442627542a09f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bbc62e3b6829882cb9f48ed227a442627542a09f_biomarkers:0">biomarkers</span> related to cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Cancer treatment reviews, 39<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ee4984ab579cd91bf7c01bff7aaa33b673ec6516" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ee4984ab579cd91bf7c01bff7aaa33b673ec6516_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ee4984ab579cd91bf7c01bff7aaa33b673ec6516" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ee4984ab579cd91bf7c01bff7aaa33b673ec6516_.:1">.</span>77–88.<br />
Feng, Z. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Association of ERCC2/XPD polymorphisms and interaction with tobacco smoking in lung cancer susceptibility: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Molecular biology reports, 39<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="53bf2620334dd94af1160b16e2da5690b4467d6d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_53bf2620334dd94af1160b16e2da5690b4467d6d_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="53bf2620334dd94af1160b16e2da5690b4467d6d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_53bf2620334dd94af1160b16e2da5690b4467d6d_.:1">.</span>57–69.<br />
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Finney Rutten, L.J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Illness representations of lung cancer, lung cancer worry, and perceptions of risk by smoking status. Journal of cancer education: the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education, 26<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="57584cd4c0cd81fdaa2e74250a0f24872eaa5295" grtype="null" id="GRmark_57584cd4c0cd81fdaa2e74250a0f24872eaa5295_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="57584cd4c0cd81fdaa2e74250a0f24872eaa5295" grtype="null" id="GRmark_57584cd4c0cd81fdaa2e74250a0f24872eaa5295_.:1">.</span>747–753.<br />
Flemming, A., 2011. Cancer: Hope for smoking-associated lung cancer? Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 10<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8338b032e7021c64268a845aa034ef1873526a0d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8338b032e7021c64268a845aa034ef1873526a0d_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8338b032e7021c64268a845aa034ef1873526a0d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8338b032e7021c64268a845aa034ef1873526a0d_.:1">.</span>98–99.<br />
Fowke, J.H. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Urinary isothiocyanate levels and lung cancer risk among non-smoking women: a prospective investigation. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 73<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="47dbaf5440fcc980e6fb2db3b88b22278def7b85" grtype="null" id="GRmark_47dbaf5440fcc980e6fb2db3b88b22278def7b85_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="47dbaf5440fcc980e6fb2db3b88b22278def7b85" grtype="null" id="GRmark_47dbaf5440fcc980e6fb2db3b88b22278def7b85_.:1">.</span>18–24.<br />
Foy, Millennia et al., 2011. A smoking-based <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a8780b180660600b2f8d06cfe1680446a09a3b2b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a8780b180660600b2f8d06cfe1680446a09a3b2b_carcinogenesis:0">carcinogenesis</span> model for lung cancer risk prediction. International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer, 129<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a785dbd25e9b1357ae2f6dd9894ba2c761767989" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a785dbd25e9b1357ae2f6dd9894ba2c761767989_(:0">(</span>8), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a785dbd25e9b1357ae2f6dd9894ba2c761767989" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a785dbd25e9b1357ae2f6dd9894ba2c761767989_.:1">.</span>1907–1913.<br />
Frost, G., Darnton, A. & Harding, A<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f7c2888c943095cbdf797a3f14b534776973feba" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f7c2888c943095cbdf797a3f14b534776973feba_.:0">.</span>-H., 2011. The effect of smoking on the risk of lung cancer mortality <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="847588df89d4c45ce037826ef9ed56c55bde31e9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_847588df89d4c45ce037826ef9ed56c55bde31e9_for:0">for</span> asbestos workers in Great Britain (1971-2005). The Annals of occupational hygiene, 55<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9446df8c9a438fc667241b1914eb96865c6b952c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9446df8c9a438fc667241b1914eb96865c6b952c_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9446df8c9a438fc667241b1914eb96865c6b952c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9446df8c9a438fc667241b1914eb96865c6b952c_.:1">.</span>239–247.<br />
Fujita, Y. & Inoue, K., 2010. The importance of smoking cessation as part of lung cancer control measures in Japan. The West Indian medical journal, 59<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5858aef982a1e119c5f953cc18dbd0cddde22e17" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5858aef982a1e119c5f953cc18dbd0cddde22e17_(:0">(</span>6), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5858aef982a1e119c5f953cc18dbd0cddde22e17" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5858aef982a1e119c5f953cc18dbd0cddde22e17_.:1">.</span>726.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5744150138c2585297b3fd61868c585283a91ee1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5744150138c2585297b3fd61868c585283a91ee1_Funatogawa:0">Funatogawa</span>, I., Funatogawa, T. & Yano, E., 2012. Impacts of early smoking initiation: long-term trends of lung cancer mortality and smoking initiation from repeated cross-sectional surveys in Great Britain. BMJ open, 2<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="48fe0e459670708836bf8ee26312db5cc5ae4270" grtype="null" id="GRmark_48fe0e459670708836bf8ee26312db5cc5ae4270_(:0">(</span>5).<br />
Furukawa, K. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Radiation and smoking effects on lung cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors. Radiation research, 174<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fcad7d19428c2e51dbf15dcf35c80870592c5c2d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fcad7d19428c2e51dbf15dcf35c80870592c5c2d_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fcad7d19428c2e51dbf15dcf35c80870592c5c2d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fcad7d19428c2e51dbf15dcf35c80870592c5c2d_.:1">.</span>72–82.<br />
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<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="db8ee0e69a35c850282a02787a5250b29b4318ea" grtype="null" id="GRmark_db8ee0e69a35c850282a02787a5250b29b4318ea_Girones:0">Girones</span> Sarrio, R. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Smoking habits in elderly lung cancer patients: still no changes in epidemiology? A single-center experience. Clinical & translational oncology: official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 12<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="795e8229d40365ed6d0a1e45b8c2541718ffbdd9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_795e8229d40365ed6d0a1e45b8c2541718ffbdd9_(:0">(</span>10), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="795e8229d40365ed6d0a1e45b8c2541718ffbdd9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_795e8229d40365ed6d0a1e45b8c2541718ffbdd9_.:1">.</span>686–691.<br />
Gonzalez, M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Smoking, occupational risk factors, and bronchial tumor location: a possible impact for lung cancer computed tomography scan screening. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 7<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a7afaec14cc8eedd20049150a2e2da159bda30b8" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a7afaec14cc8eedd20049150a2e2da159bda30b8_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a7afaec14cc8eedd20049150a2e2da159bda30b8" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a7afaec14cc8eedd20049150a2e2da159bda30b8_.:1">.</span>128–136.<br />
Gordon, L.G. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Within a smoking-cessation program, what impact does genetic information on lung cancer need to have to demonstrate cost-effectiveness? Cost effectiveness and resource allocation: C/E, 8, p.18.<br />
Groves-Kirkby, C.J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Lung-cancer reduction from smoking cessation and radon remediation: a preliminary cost-analysis in Northamptonshire, UK. Environment <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4a9eecbf70b8334f16a926c0fdcdb899d2efea8e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4a9eecbf70b8334f16a926c0fdcdb899d2efea8e_international:0">international</span>, 37<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4a9eecbf70b8334f16a926c0fdcdb899d2efea8e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4a9eecbf70b8334f16a926c0fdcdb899d2efea8e_(:1">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4a9eecbf70b8334f16a926c0fdcdb899d2efea8e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4a9eecbf70b8334f16a926c0fdcdb899d2efea8e_.:2">.</span>375–382.<br />
Guo, Nancy L, Tosun, K. & Horn, K., 2009. Impact and interactions between smoking and traditional prognostic factors in lung cancer progression. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 66<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="7bdaf09d9978c35486bc9a7ae169c9e96310b473" grtype="null" id="GRmark_7bdaf09d9978c35486bc9a7ae169c9e96310b473_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="7bdaf09d9978c35486bc9a7ae169c9e96310b473" grtype="null" id="GRmark_7bdaf09d9978c35486bc9a7ae169c9e96310b473_.:1">.</span>386–392.<br />
Guo, Nancy Lan & Wan, Y.-W., 2012. Pathway-based identification of a smoking associated 6-gene signature predictive of lung cancer risk and survival. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 55<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ec1b15f927850a484ae444a514cab03871affaf7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ec1b15f927850a484ae444a514cab03871affaf7_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ec1b15f927850a484ae444a514cab03871affaf7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ec1b15f927850a484ae444a514cab03871affaf7_.:1">.</span>97–105.<br />
Gupta, A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Smoking intensity, oxidative stress and chemotherapy in nonsmall cell lung cancer: a correlated prognostic study. Bioscience trends, 3<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="410f6bb80893b1b8e28da116cb3f13bb96564e06" grtype="null" id="GRmark_410f6bb80893b1b8e28da116cb3f13bb96564e06_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="410f6bb80893b1b8e28da116cb3f13bb96564e06" grtype="null" id="GRmark_410f6bb80893b1b8e28da116cb3f13bb96564e06_.:1">.</span>191–199.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="09e0f0ef5d1ff584a5fd39b57ab766ae0a23152e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_09e0f0ef5d1ff584a5fd39b57ab766ae0a23152e_Hruba:0">Hruba</span>, D., 2012. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d0b2ed9f9d40935be5ada5376b8583eb763e26e1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d0b2ed9f9d40935be5ada5376b8583eb763e26e1_Clear relationship between:0">Clear relationship between</span> smoking and lung cancer. Central European journal of public health, 20<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="485fd1dc707127f1354660dd10970edaed7a7f71" grtype="null" id="GRmark_485fd1dc707127f1354660dd10970edaed7a7f71_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="485fd1dc707127f1354660dd10970edaed7a7f71" grtype="null" id="GRmark_485fd1dc707127f1354660dd10970edaed7a7f71_.:1">.</span>3–4.<br />
Hsia, T<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="11851ec86898be4d043bd664b5840f91cadcefdd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_11851ec86898be4d043bd664b5840f91cadcefdd_.:0">.</span>-C. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Interaction of CCND1 genotype and smoking habit in Taiwan lung cancer patients. Anticancer research, 31<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="50c9cf8b592f4c032b712a8965dc18e0c017bf12" grtype="null" id="GRmark_50c9cf8b592f4c032b712a8965dc18e0c017bf12_(:0">(</span>10), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="50c9cf8b592f4c032b712a8965dc18e0c017bf12" grtype="null" id="GRmark_50c9cf8b592f4c032b712a8965dc18e0c017bf12_.:1">.</span>3601–3605.<br />
Huang, B. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Functional genetic variants of c-Jun and their interaction with smoking and drinking increase the susceptibility to lung cancer in southern and eastern Chinese. International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer, 131<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="971aa34ffe40ee0b7c6c2cd41761eab53896fa93" grtype="null" id="GRmark_971aa34ffe40ee0b7c6c2cd41761eab53896fa93_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="971aa34ffe40ee0b7c6c2cd41761eab53896fa93" grtype="null" id="GRmark_971aa34ffe40ee0b7c6c2cd41761eab53896fa93_.:1">.</span>E744–758.<br />
Huang, Y<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="1a08d174d698ec25a6f344b16ae2bbf6379fc416" grtype="null" id="GRmark_1a08d174d698ec25a6f344b16ae2bbf6379fc416_.:0">.</span>-S. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Impact of smoking status and <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3044a1d247808c7daa629882662d61415442b4ed" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3044a1d247808c7daa629882662d61415442b4ed_pathologic:0">pathologic</span> type <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3044a1d247808c7daa629882662d61415442b4ed" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3044a1d247808c7daa629882662d61415442b4ed_on:1">on</span> epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer. Chinese medical journal, 124<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="23fd1b1ff2b3e3990f22660b850f5bd860272cf2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_23fd1b1ff2b3e3990f22660b850f5bd860272cf2_(:0">(</span>16), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="23fd1b1ff2b3e3990f22660b850f5bd860272cf2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_23fd1b1ff2b3e3990f22660b850f5bd860272cf2_.:1">.</span>2457–2460.<br />
Huang, Y<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f7255198b6566e18b5ee139312237c8ed404b125" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f7255198b6566e18b5ee139312237c8ed404b125_.:0">.</span>-T. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Cigarette smoking increases copy number alterations in nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="aaa025bfa17b2202033c370630e03230898a6f7b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_aaa025bfa17b2202033c370630e03230898a6f7b_(:0">(</span>39), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="aaa025bfa17b2202033c370630e03230898a6f7b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_aaa025bfa17b2202033c370630e03230898a6f7b_.:1">.</span>16345–16350.<br />
Huang, Yisheng et al., 2009. [The Impact of Smoking Status on the Efficacy of Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.]. Zhongguo <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f_fei:0">fei</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f_ai:1">ai</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f_za:2">za</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f_zhi:3">zhi</span> = Chinese journal of lung cancer, 12<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f_(:4">(</span>12), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4fcbab646ff439f8284f779f5dcf3917b9caa00f_.:5">.</span>1266–1270.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="97138df3e8772935b7a8d3387d03e03d3fe13513" grtype="null" id="GRmark_97138df3e8772935b7a8d3387d03e03d3fe13513_Improgo:0">Improgo</span>, M.R.D. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. From smoking to lung cancer: the CHRNA5/A3/B4 connection. Oncogene, 29<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c1bdcd2b7a4f487c564dc1bc94207d34e12b8914" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c1bdcd2b7a4f487c564dc1bc94207d34e12b8914_(:0">(</span>35), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c1bdcd2b7a4f487c564dc1bc94207d34e12b8914" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c1bdcd2b7a4f487c564dc1bc94207d34e12b8914_.:1">.</span>4874–4884.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e915ba269926534c84dac86fcc45541762468dc7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e915ba269926534c84dac86fcc45541762468dc7_Iyen:0">Iyen</span>-Omofoman, B. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. The association between smoking quantity and lung cancer in men and women. Chest.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="aaeefaaba8947c8e7aa73cd46f2a432bc95ce5b4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_aaeefaaba8947c8e7aa73cd46f2a432bc95ce5b4_Janjigian:0">Janjigian</span>, Y.Y. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Pack-years of cigarette smoking as a prognostic factor in patients with stage IIIB/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer, 116<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a86f9a5c62c3e097acaa6696845a50f7913be598" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a86f9a5c62c3e097acaa6696845a50f7913be598_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a86f9a5c62c3e097acaa6696845a50f7913be598" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a86f9a5c62c3e097acaa6696845a50f7913be598_.:1">.</span>670–675.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8891cb87c847d9b3ee106f56806edbc80ced4023" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8891cb87c847d9b3ee106f56806edbc80ced4023_Jassem:0">Jassem</span>, E. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. [Smoking and lung cancer]. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527_Pneumonologia:0">Pneumonologia</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527_i:1">i</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527_alergologia:2">alergologia</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527_polska:3">polska</span>, 77<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527_(:4">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c74142ee04633f19edd892eef4908f29b3fd1527_.:5">.</span>469–473.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="549e80ae234b544b265f0d731c41041a4bc575f6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_549e80ae234b544b265f0d731c41041a4bc575f6_Jida:0">Jida</span>, M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Usefulness of cumulative smoking dose for identifying the EGFR mutation and patients with non-small-cell lung cancer for <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c639b7759a678d89a49d6b1bfb9575ec751f2af5" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c639b7759a678d89a49d6b1bfb9575ec751f2af5_gefitinib:0">gefitinib</span> treatment. Cancer science, 100<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9d32b5e49c67245cf3ef020fd9c197bc504853ab" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9d32b5e49c67245cf3ef020fd9c197bc504853ab_(:0">(</span>10), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9d32b5e49c67245cf3ef020fd9c197bc504853ab" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9d32b5e49c67245cf3ef020fd9c197bc504853ab_.:1">.</span>1931–1934.<br />
Jin, Y. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Combined effects of cigarette smoking, gene polymorphisms and <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="49a721bd346260b48c4fede4aa2c058067a104f8" grtype="null" id="GRmark_49a721bd346260b48c4fede4aa2c058067a104f8_methylations:0">methylations</span> of tumor suppressor genes <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="49a721bd346260b48c4fede4aa2c058067a104f8" grtype="null" id="GRmark_49a721bd346260b48c4fede4aa2c058067a104f8_on:1">on</span> non small cell lung cancer: a hospital-based case-control study in China. BMC cancer, 10, p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0fa0a574ce1cb5fc3fad697569ba1c79a4a94b6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0fa0a574ce1cb5fc3fad697569ba1c79a4a94b6b_.:0">.</span>422.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="caca1e72829e5b7b325e2b1a2617710f24a985f3" grtype="null" id="GRmark_caca1e72829e5b7b325e2b1a2617710f24a985f3_Kang:0">Kang</span>, M<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="caca1e72829e5b7b325e2b1a2617710f24a985f3" grtype="null" id="GRmark_caca1e72829e5b7b325e2b1a2617710f24a985f3_.:1">.</span>-W. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. AKR1B10 is associated with smoking and smoking-related non-small-cell lung cancer. The Journal of international medical research, 39<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="25a7ced8b2cee13554add7eea7e40a46d9cd9a6f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_25a7ced8b2cee13554add7eea7e40a46d9cd9a6f_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="25a7ced8b2cee13554add7eea7e40a46d9cd9a6f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_25a7ced8b2cee13554add7eea7e40a46d9cd9a6f_.:1">.</span>78–85.<br />
Kawaguchi, T., Matsumura, A., et al., 2010. Japanese ethnicity compared with Caucasian ethnicity and never-smoking status are independent favorable prognostic factors for overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer: a collaborative <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c5a419a43442a3b0ff770095afa54f3ec8c3798c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c5a419a43442a3b0ff770095afa54f3ec8c3798c_epidemiologic:0">epidemiologic</span> study of the National Hospital Organization Study Group for Lung Cancer (NHSGLC) in Japan and a Southern California Regional Cancer Registry <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c5a419a43442a3b0ff770095afa54f3ec8c3798c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c5a419a43442a3b0ff770095afa54f3ec8c3798c_databases:1">databases</span>. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 5<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8f7f794253841d0d69b643d5fb182a2fb0c04bc3" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8f7f794253841d0d69b643d5fb182a2fb0c04bc3_(:0">(</span>7), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8f7f794253841d0d69b643d5fb182a2fb0c04bc3" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8f7f794253841d0d69b643d5fb182a2fb0c04bc3_.:1">.</span>1001–1010.<br />
Kawaguchi, T., Takada, M., et al., 2010. Performance status and smoking status are independent favorable prognostic factors for survival in non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive analysis of 26,957 patients with NSCLC. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 5<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c1c87df92cb357efd6ea4943c86487fd5eae630b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c1c87df92cb357efd6ea4943c86487fd5eae630b_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c1c87df92cb357efd6ea4943c86487fd5eae630b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c1c87df92cb357efd6ea4943c86487fd5eae630b_.:1">.</span>620–630.<br />
Kirk, R., 2011. Screening: Finding the smoking gun in lung cancer. Nature reviews. Clinical <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3249ab6c625a2e1a6b997a494045548bd70691b7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3249ab6c625a2e1a6b997a494045548bd70691b7_oncology:0">oncology</span>, 8<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3249ab6c625a2e1a6b997a494045548bd70691b7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3249ab6c625a2e1a6b997a494045548bd70691b7_(:1">(</span>9), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3249ab6c625a2e1a6b997a494045548bd70691b7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3249ab6c625a2e1a6b997a494045548bd70691b7_.:2">.</span>510.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="34afab967c0c0303278ecb160f71a8517e50ffdd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_34afab967c0c0303278ecb160f71a8517e50ffdd_Kischkel:0">Kischkel</span>, S. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Breath <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4acd569ee3555964efcfb444d8e4ce120d5c0a17" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4acd569ee3555964efcfb444d8e4ce120d5c0a17_biomarkers:0">biomarkers</span> for lung cancer detection and assessment of smoking related effects--confounding variables, influence of normalization and statistical algorithms. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2_Clinica:0">Clinica</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2_chimica:1">chimica</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2_acta:2">acta</span>; international journal of clinical chemistry, 411<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2_(:3">(</span>21-22), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e91d78c0e4c1d3369cdf5a6dacbf62b803c680c2_.:4">.</span>1637–1644.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="587df2a3f17b3dce4c7e8c41823744de7d271716" grtype="null" id="GRmark_587df2a3f17b3dce4c7e8c41823744de7d271716_Kiyohara:0">Kiyohara</span>, C. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and interaction with smoking and alcohol consumption in lung cancer risk: a case-control study in a Japanese population. BMC cancer, 11, p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="aebb38209dc4b8e6054a534cdc2e0c578c2ab95f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_aebb38209dc4b8e6054a534cdc2e0c578c2ab95f_.:0">.</span>459.<br />
Kiyohara, C., Horiuchi, T., Miyake, Y., et al., 2010. Cigarette smoking, TP53 Arg72Pro, TP53BP1 Asp353Glu and the risk of lung cancer in a Japanese population. Oncology reports, 23<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="416baeb6880bddc911d2358c43c2de5dbcb6f7a3" grtype="null" id="GRmark_416baeb6880bddc911d2358c43c2de5dbcb6f7a3_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="416baeb6880bddc911d2358c43c2de5dbcb6f7a3" grtype="null" id="GRmark_416baeb6880bddc911d2358c43c2de5dbcb6f7a3_.:1">.</span>1361–1368.<br />
Kiyohara, C., Horiuchi, T., Takayama, K., et al., 2010. IL1B rs1143634 polymorphism, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and lung cancer risk in a Japanese population. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 5<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="064c4a203bb974e5d66207aebb36637f08dff897" grtype="null" id="GRmark_064c4a203bb974e5d66207aebb36637f08dff897_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="064c4a203bb974e5d66207aebb36637f08dff897" grtype="null" id="GRmark_064c4a203bb974e5d66207aebb36637f08dff897_.:1">.</span>299–304.<br />
Koh, W<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a91b5a40d40b0c921ddd75f025e1d71a175f3d92" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a91b5a40d40b0c921ddd75f025e1d71a175f3d92_.:0">.</span>-P. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Body mass index and smoking-related lung cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. British journal of cancer, 102<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5d3c7ac393f6cb32eeae5ba400aedf6012f64f87" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5d3c7ac393f6cb32eeae5ba400aedf6012f64f87_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5d3c7ac393f6cb32eeae5ba400aedf6012f64f87" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5d3c7ac393f6cb32eeae5ba400aedf6012f64f87_.:1">.</span>610–614.<br />
Koul, P.A. & Chaouachi, K., 2011. Important clarifications about peculiarities of hookah smoking and lung cancer in Kashmir. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 12<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="249e719f1b16cdda9cb3cbf9db2a96e16cb530a1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_249e719f1b16cdda9cb3cbf9db2a96e16cb530a1_(:0">(</span>8), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="249e719f1b16cdda9cb3cbf9db2a96e16cb530a1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_249e719f1b16cdda9cb3cbf9db2a96e16cb530a1_.:1">.</span>2145–2146.<br />
Koul, P.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Hookah smoking and lung cancer in the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 12<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e804652779c69ed37623ff480e01e7d10cd7021c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e804652779c69ed37623ff480e01e7d10cd7021c_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e804652779c69ed37623ff480e01e7d10cd7021c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e804652779c69ed37623ff480e01e7d10cd7021c_.:1">.</span>519–524.<br />
Kovacs, G., Barsai, A. & Szilasi, M., 2012. [Smoking: a prognostic factor of lung cancer survival]. Magyar <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a36e71856e27e4a4a2efd53f22421c535ef78575" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a36e71856e27e4a4a2efd53f22421c535ef78575_onkologia:0">onkologia</span>, 56<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a36e71856e27e4a4a2efd53f22421c535ef78575" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a36e71856e27e4a4a2efd53f22421c535ef78575_(:1">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a36e71856e27e4a4a2efd53f22421c535ef78575" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a36e71856e27e4a4a2efd53f22421c535ef78575_.:2">.</span>187–191.<br />
Lam, T.K. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Cruciferous vegetable intake and lung cancer risk: a nested case-control study matched on cigarette smoking. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 19<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="696a1ce9956a752b8aea3d5b274046a90ac4c785" grtype="null" id="GRmark_696a1ce9956a752b8aea3d5b274046a90ac4c785_(:0">(</span>10), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="696a1ce9956a752b8aea3d5b274046a90ac4c785" grtype="null" id="GRmark_696a1ce9956a752b8aea3d5b274046a90ac4c785_.:1">.</span>2534–2540.<br />
Lan, Qing et al., 2012. Genome-wide association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci in never-smoking women in Asia. Nature genetics.<br />
Lee, K<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="1173f6c4c3962253b37373b7979dfd4bac8a3a91" grtype="null" id="GRmark_1173f6c4c3962253b37373b7979dfd4bac8a3a91_.:0">.</span>-M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Differential effects of smoking on lung cancer mortality before and after household stove improvement in Xuanwei, China. British journal of cancer, 103<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="782a1ab60594f1f2c712472735907546771c6e58" grtype="null" id="GRmark_782a1ab60594f1f2c712472735907546771c6e58_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="782a1ab60594f1f2c712472735907546771c6e58" grtype="null" id="GRmark_782a1ab60594f1f2c712472735907546771c6e58_.:1">.</span>727–729.<br />
Lee, P.N., Forey, B.A. & Coombs, K.J., 2012. Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in the 1900s relating smoking to lung cancer. BMC cancer, 12<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="af518349bc14beed6b436d693ad9dd9f8337a594" grtype="null" id="GRmark_af518349bc14beed6b436d693ad9dd9f8337a594_(:0">(</span>1), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="af518349bc14beed6b436d693ad9dd9f8337a594" grtype="null" id="GRmark_af518349bc14beed6b436d693ad9dd9f8337a594_.:1">.</span>385.<br />
Lee, Y.J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Dose effect of cigarette smoking on frequency and spectrum of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in Korean patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 136<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b12e3d08e2f2b544c1fad1ebc3035dca318286f2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b12e3d08e2f2b544c1fad1ebc3035dca318286f2_(:0">(</span>12), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b12e3d08e2f2b544c1fad1ebc3035dca318286f2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b12e3d08e2f2b544c1fad1ebc3035dca318286f2_.:1">.</span>1937–1944.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e3e2eb72713f2955cbed79008c6c1229249b0f65" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e3e2eb72713f2955cbed79008c6c1229249b0f65_Leuraud:0">Leuraud</span>, K. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Radon, smoking and lung cancer risk: results of a joint analysis of three European case-control studies among uranium miners. Radiation research, 176<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="011073756fb88efb8b2aed8f5291f7fc87fdaf8f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_011073756fb88efb8b2aed8f5291f7fc87fdaf8f_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="011073756fb88efb8b2aed8f5291f7fc87fdaf8f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_011073756fb88efb8b2aed8f5291f7fc87fdaf8f_.:1">.</span>375–387.<br />
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Li, Hao et al., 2012. Smoking and air pollution exposure and lung cancer mortality in Zhaoyuan County. International journal of hygiene and environmental health.<br />
Lim, W<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f2cb4a4ecffe9e7e2379491d433d974b22cec55d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f2cb4a4ecffe9e7e2379491d433d974b22cec55d_.:0">.</span>-Y. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Meat consumption and risk of lung cancer among never-smoking women. Nutrition and cancer, 63<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3959094ee86146cc25ce5c9044c348ba6555746d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3959094ee86146cc25ce5c9044c348ba6555746d_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3959094ee86146cc25ce5c9044c348ba6555746d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3959094ee86146cc25ce5c9044c348ba6555746d_.:1">.</span>850–859.<br />
Lin, I<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b1b9a0e92b61377cb64cb544f0c5b64c121c723d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b1b9a0e92b61377cb64cb544f0c5b64c121c723d_.:0">.</span>-H. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Smoking, green tea consumption, genetic polymorphisms in the insulin-like growth factors and lung cancer risk. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d0253f8e2a7824fd39324b68f63ea353ea6e76ce" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d0253f8e2a7824fd39324b68f63ea353ea6e76ce_PloS:0">PloS</span> one, 7<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d0253f8e2a7824fd39324b68f63ea353ea6e76ce" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d0253f8e2a7824fd39324b68f63ea353ea6e76ce_(:1">(</span>2), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d0253f8e2a7824fd39324b68f63ea353ea6e76ce" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d0253f8e2a7824fd39324b68f63ea353ea6e76ce_.:2">.</span>e30951.<br />
Liu, C.-J., Hsia, T.-C., Tsai, R.-Y., et al., 2010. The joint effect of hOGG1 single nucleotide polymorphism and smoking habit on lung cancer in Taiwan. Anticancer research, 30<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="1c47cc984e0106521954c130fd89771a6d3abe5c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_1c47cc984e0106521954c130fd89771a6d3abe5c_(:0">(</span>10), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="1c47cc984e0106521954c130fd89771a6d3abe5c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_1c47cc984e0106521954c130fd89771a6d3abe5c_.:1">.</span>4141–4145.<br />
Liu, C.-J., Hsia, T.-C., Wang, R.-F., et al., 2010. Interaction of <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="85fafa4d7a963fdd5e017265d410164d431e842e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_85fafa4d7a963fdd5e017265d410164d431e842e_cyclooxygenase:0">cyclooxygenase</span> 2 genotype and smoking habit in Taiwanese lung cancer patients. Anticancer research, 30<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c9bc8047981b08c11534654f231094518edf3bdc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c9bc8047981b08c11534654f231094518edf3bdc_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c9bc8047981b08c11534654f231094518edf3bdc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c9bc8047981b08c11534654f231094518edf3bdc_.:1">.</span>1195–1199.<br />
Liu, C<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b5b885cca6459717cfd35875ddd728622f5e5435" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b5b885cca6459717cfd35875ddd728622f5e5435_.:0">.</span>-S. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Interaction of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype and smoking habit in Taiwanese lung cancer patients. Cancer <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ecd7c2f5851ba2bb73105f1a9c304a301960f074" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ecd7c2f5851ba2bb73105f1a9c304a301960f074_genomics:0">genomics</span> & <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ecd7c2f5851ba2bb73105f1a9c304a301960f074" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ecd7c2f5851ba2bb73105f1a9c304a301960f074_proteomics:1">proteomics</span>, 6<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ecd7c2f5851ba2bb73105f1a9c304a301960f074" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ecd7c2f5851ba2bb73105f1a9c304a301960f074_(:2">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ecd7c2f5851ba2bb73105f1a9c304a301960f074" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ecd7c2f5851ba2bb73105f1a9c304a301960f074_.:3">.</span>325–329.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ba3bd5563ff76d2ba290d049fbbd22c76688bbe1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ba3bd5563ff76d2ba290d049fbbd22c76688bbe1_Lobchuk:0">Lobchuk</span>, M.M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Impact of patient smoking behavior on <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a8fb8f69fb8aa2fdfab0bff418af018689dabbdc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a8fb8f69fb8aa2fdfab0bff418af018689dabbdc_empathic:0">empathic</span> helping by family caregivers in lung cancer. Oncology nursing forum, 39<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="87eb9f97c571e9d89419d9fcc53f0148f0c54251" grtype="null" id="GRmark_87eb9f97c571e9d89419d9fcc53f0148f0c54251_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="87eb9f97c571e9d89419d9fcc53f0148f0c54251" grtype="null" id="GRmark_87eb9f97c571e9d89419d9fcc53f0148f0c54251_.:1">.</span>E112–121.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="1153f7f5161b8af564afc78509b3717b2bb47bc0" grtype="null" id="GRmark_1153f7f5161b8af564afc78509b3717b2bb47bc0_Longo:0">Longo</span>, F. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Long-term survival in a smoking <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f8fb570162940516dc39ad6dde596657d88ac539" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f8fb570162940516dc39ad6dde596657d88ac539_caucasian:0">caucasian</span> male patient treated with <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f8fb570162940516dc39ad6dde596657d88ac539" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f8fb570162940516dc39ad6dde596657d88ac539_gefitinib:1">gefitinib</span> for spinal cord compression secondary to lung cancer. Onkologie, 34<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07ae358d40620bf49179c7b36e07a27a6083735e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07ae358d40620bf49179c7b36e07a27a6083735e_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07ae358d40620bf49179c7b36e07a27a6083735e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07ae358d40620bf49179c7b36e07a27a6083735e_.:1">.</span>326–328.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="25bb8319e0e8ff231371ce324105068183891b5f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_25bb8319e0e8ff231371ce324105068183891b5f_Luftman:0">Luftman</span>, V. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. The power of videotaped personal statements of patients with lung cancer: a recruitment strategy for smoking prevention and cessation programs. Oncology nursing forum, 38<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5770e83c1cd3b74c6accc91de55c21e813865e01" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5770e83c1cd3b74c6accc91de55c21e813865e01_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="5770e83c1cd3b74c6accc91de55c21e813865e01" grtype="null" id="GRmark_5770e83c1cd3b74c6accc91de55c21e813865e01_.:1">.</span>11–14.<br />
Maeda, R. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. The prognostic impact of cigarette smoking on patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 6<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="86ca89141f90f4c36f85d5c4a3b633e5fd5cef46" grtype="null" id="GRmark_86ca89141f90f4c36f85d5c4a3b633e5fd5cef46_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="86ca89141f90f4c36f85d5c4a3b633e5fd5cef46" grtype="null" id="GRmark_86ca89141f90f4c36f85d5c4a3b633e5fd5cef46_.:1">.</span>735–742.<br />
Maeda, T. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. [Three cases of lung cancer detected after smoking cessation]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0ef029305edeb26e603f20e356b96da9c3465c2d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0ef029305edeb26e603f20e356b96da9c3465c2d_zasshi:0">zasshi</span> = the journal of the Japanese Respiratory Society, 48<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0ef029305edeb26e603f20e356b96da9c3465c2d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0ef029305edeb26e603f20e356b96da9c3465c2d_(:1">(</span>9), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0ef029305edeb26e603f20e356b96da9c3465c2d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0ef029305edeb26e603f20e356b96da9c3465c2d_.:2">.</span>711–714.<br />
Margaret, A.L., Syahruddin, E. & Wanandi, S.I., 2011. Low activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f85c65840cb2966ce4b8ec4ac103e33b6f75ce70" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f85c65840cb2966ce4b8ec4ac103e33b6f75ce70_blood:0">blood</span> of lung cancer patients with smoking history: <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f85c65840cb2966ce4b8ec4ac103e33b6f75ce70" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f85c65840cb2966ce4b8ec4ac103e33b6f75ce70_relationship:1">relationship</span> to oxidative stress. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 12<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="2928c37cee9cfb69df76913a40d10cc4edaeefce" grtype="null" id="GRmark_2928c37cee9cfb69df76913a40d10cc4edaeefce_(:0">(</span>11), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="2928c37cee9cfb69df76913a40d10cc4edaeefce" grtype="null" id="GRmark_2928c37cee9cfb69df76913a40d10cc4edaeefce_.:1">.</span>3049–3053.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0649746a36e151d8c2543d63e4aa1dadec7e439b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0649746a36e151d8c2543d63e4aa1dadec7e439b_Martiniuk:0">Martiniuk</span>, A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Burden of lung cancer deaths due to smoking for men and women in the WHO Western Pacific and South East Asian regions. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 11<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="584812f081932518a2bc7ff6809fb846c24963d1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_584812f081932518a2bc7ff6809fb846c24963d1_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="584812f081932518a2bc7ff6809fb846c24963d1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_584812f081932518a2bc7ff6809fb846c24963d1_.:1">.</span>67–72.<br />
Mason, D.P. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Impact of smoking cessation before resection of lung cancer: a Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database study. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 88<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f544101cd65d1c907a3025127a91f205b40cd5c4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f544101cd65d1c907a3025127a91f205b40cd5c4_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f544101cd65d1c907a3025127a91f205b40cd5c4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f544101cd65d1c907a3025127a91f205b40cd5c4_.:1">.</span>362–370; discussion 370–371.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="560e86aca234cf338ceb5d748e8133a5d593115f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_560e86aca234cf338ceb5d748e8133a5d593115f_Meguid:0">Meguid</span>, R.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Long-term survival outcomes by smoking status in surgical and nonsurgical patients with non-small cell lung cancer: comparing never smokers and current smokers. Chest, 138<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fad5e2581937b21da43605710d4fea4ac0cb8501" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fad5e2581937b21da43605710d4fea4ac0cb8501_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fad5e2581937b21da43605710d4fea4ac0cb8501" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fad5e2581937b21da43605710d4fea4ac0cb8501_.:1">.</span>500–509.<br />
Mendez, D. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. The impact of declining smoking <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ada83ddca79914b26a40bb36e0ef9f9e497f0fce" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ada83ddca79914b26a40bb36e0ef9f9e497f0fce_on:0">on</span> radon-related lung cancer in the United States. American journal of public health, 101<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="96a6405dd80855db3a23f5de5184a42fa9c08399" grtype="null" id="GRmark_96a6405dd80855db3a23f5de5184a42fa9c08399_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="96a6405dd80855db3a23f5de5184a42fa9c08399" grtype="null" id="GRmark_96a6405dd80855db3a23f5de5184a42fa9c08399_.:1">.</span>310–314.<br />
Mitchell, P. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Smoking history as a predictive factor of treatment response in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review. Clinical lung cancer, 13<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9e1d2d789ffb751566dae675b5344d60f8ef29d7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9e1d2d789ffb751566dae675b5344d60f8ef29d7_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9e1d2d789ffb751566dae675b5344d60f8ef29d7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9e1d2d789ffb751566dae675b5344d60f8ef29d7_.:1">.</span>239–251.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="23a1a13429442aab67b8e97a07a27ec161cd0631" grtype="null" id="GRmark_23a1a13429442aab67b8e97a07a27ec161cd0631_Mong:0">Mong</span>, C. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. High prevalence of lung cancer in a surgical cohort of lung cancer patients a decade after smoking cessation. Journal of <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="505e4579ac07404797051a5b9751d90f0527aa72" grtype="null" id="GRmark_505e4579ac07404797051a5b9751d90f0527aa72_cardiothoracic:0">cardiothoracic</span> surgery, 6, p.19.<br />
Moolgavkar, S.H. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Impact of reduced tobacco smoking on lung cancer mortality in the United States during 1975-2000. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 104<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="35602a199e5bd9aa96eb136a785e9ada4e261f8c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_35602a199e5bd9aa96eb136a785e9ada4e261f8c_(:0">(</span>7), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="35602a199e5bd9aa96eb136a785e9ada4e261f8c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_35602a199e5bd9aa96eb136a785e9ada4e261f8c_.:1">.</span>541–548.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="cafdab726f4337209062b93f3a24844b8fc52812" grtype="null" id="GRmark_cafdab726f4337209062b93f3a24844b8fc52812_Morabia:0">Morabia</span>, A. & Szklo, M., 2010. Re: Smoking and lung cancer: recent evidence and a discussion of some questions. International journal of epidemiology, 39<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="035b00a9e744b27f7563f535cb08217be87b6c31" grtype="null" id="GRmark_035b00a9e744b27f7563f535cb08217be87b6c31_(:0">(</span>6), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="035b00a9e744b27f7563f535cb08217be87b6c31" grtype="null" id="GRmark_035b00a9e744b27f7563f535cb08217be87b6c31_.:1">.</span>1676.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="23e48a79dbe61825e8e89da3c0b36e5f3dc3c279" grtype="null" id="GRmark_23e48a79dbe61825e8e89da3c0b36e5f3dc3c279_Na:0">Na</span>, I.I. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Significance of smoking history and FDG uptake for pathological N2 staging in clinical N2-negative non-small-cell lung cancer. Annals of oncology: official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO, 22<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b08b581a85f4a3f793b68159b68ba96b41a8087c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b08b581a85f4a3f793b68159b68ba96b41a8087c_(:0">(</span>9), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b08b581a85f4a3f793b68159b68ba96b41a8087c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b08b581a85f4a3f793b68159b68ba96b41a8087c_.:1">.</span>2068–2072.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d9ee9c52e47f86c8997f9977fec41ddc717edaf6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d9ee9c52e47f86c8997f9977fec41ddc717edaf6_Nagakura:0">Nagakura</span>, H. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. The Impact of a Negative History of Smoking on Survival in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Detected with Clinic-based Screening Programs. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 51<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c67e66a9bfd1b2cb2cd4e5f2653e4b9818f97883" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c67e66a9bfd1b2cb2cd4e5f2653e4b9818f97883_(:0">(</span>22), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c67e66a9bfd1b2cb2cd4e5f2653e4b9818f97883" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c67e66a9bfd1b2cb2cd4e5f2653e4b9818f97883_.:1">.</span>3115–3118.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8b4a83666910f2c8880d8ed750caf9f05264ec37" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8b4a83666910f2c8880d8ed750caf9f05264ec37_Nagathihalli:0">Nagathihalli</span>, N.S. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Smoking Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer through HDAC-Mediated Downregulation of E-Cadherin. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 11<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="480309d4674ab60dfce69ff3383515673b7d9d6e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_480309d4674ab60dfce69ff3383515673b7d9d6e_(:0">(</span>11), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="480309d4674ab60dfce69ff3383515673b7d9d6e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_480309d4674ab60dfce69ff3383515673b7d9d6e_.:1">.</span>2362–2372.<br />
Nakanishi, R. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. [Effects of smoking on video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer]. Journal of UOEH, 32<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fde9600f949c75073925af568a5bce7cffbaca55" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fde9600f949c75073925af568a5bce7cffbaca55_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fde9600f949c75073925af568a5bce7cffbaca55" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fde9600f949c75073925af568a5bce7cffbaca55_.:1">.</span>45–52.<br />
Nguyen, S.K.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Influence of smoking status on treatment outcomes after post-operative radiation therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer. Radiotherapy and oncology: journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, 96<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f758a997afb70223e0baf5384a843ba5dfee20bb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f758a997afb70223e0baf5384a843ba5dfee20bb_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f758a997afb70223e0baf5384a843ba5dfee20bb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f758a997afb70223e0baf5384a843ba5dfee20bb_.:1">.</span>89–93.<br />
Nkosi, T.M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Socioeconomic position and lung cancer risk: how important is the modeling of smoking? Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 23<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="97af2b504b068de6a250d8ad7e49c118fc0bee89" grtype="null" id="GRmark_97af2b504b068de6a250d8ad7e49c118fc0bee89_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="97af2b504b068de6a250d8ad7e49c118fc0bee89" grtype="null" id="GRmark_97af2b504b068de6a250d8ad7e49c118fc0bee89_.:1">.</span>377–385.<br />
Ohba, T. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Expression of an X-family DNA polymerase, pol lambda, in the respiratory epithelium of non-small cell lung cancer patients with habitual smoking. Mutation research, 677<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bdbfb060501eb29a2c04d8193d9f4eee12b73fd5" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bdbfb060501eb29a2c04d8193d9f4eee12b73fd5_(:0">(</span>1-2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bdbfb060501eb29a2c04d8193d9f4eee12b73fd5" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bdbfb060501eb29a2c04d8193d9f4eee12b73fd5_.:1">.</span>66–71.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bc05e5cb8802998734d89829e50613ef70e0ad36" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bc05e5cb8802998734d89829e50613ef70e0ad36_Okeh:0">Okeh</span>, U.M., 2009. Statistical measure of association between smoking and lung cancer in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria. East African journal of public health, 6 Suppl<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="70e8a05eead90d32ff1f946d760dfaaef1788e99" grtype="null" id="GRmark_70e8a05eead90d32ff1f946d760dfaaef1788e99_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="70e8a05eead90d32ff1f946d760dfaaef1788e99" grtype="null" id="GRmark_70e8a05eead90d32ff1f946d760dfaaef1788e99_.:1">.</span>23–29.<br />
Osawa, K. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. APEX1 Asp148Glu gene polymorphism is a risk factor for lung cancer in relation to smoking in Japanese. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 11<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="446e597b46f948360e0cbaf012421e41c3808fd2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_446e597b46f948360e0cbaf012421e41c3808fd2_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="446e597b46f948360e0cbaf012421e41c3808fd2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_446e597b46f948360e0cbaf012421e41c3808fd2_.:1">.</span>1181–1186.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23_Ou:0">Ou</span>, S<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23_.:1">.</span>-H<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23_.:2">.</span>I., Ziogas, A. & Zell, J.A., 2009. Asian ethnicity is a favorable prognostic factor for overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is independent of smoking status. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 4<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="18a9f8bcec53c6329d1777160acd77c2eaefbaf1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_18a9f8bcec53c6329d1777160acd77c2eaefbaf1_(:0">(</span>9), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="18a9f8bcec53c6329d1777160acd77c2eaefbaf1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_18a9f8bcec53c6329d1777160acd77c2eaefbaf1_.:1">.</span>1083–1093.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23_Ou:0">Ou</span>, S<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23_.:1">.</span>-H<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b7655e87032fabb63a49875fecc658d156cc1c23_.:2">.</span>I., Ziogas, A. & Zell, J.A., 2010. A comparison study of <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c9af41085e63d25e524eb067582f4dcc98245e9e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c9af41085e63d25e524eb067582f4dcc98245e9e_clinicopathologic:0">clinicopathologic</span> characteristics of Southern California Asian American Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c9af41085e63d25e524eb067582f4dcc98245e9e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c9af41085e63d25e524eb067582f4dcc98245e9e_by:1">by</span> smoking status. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 5<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="da4524e21fadb8be76e017eb754fa2bcabd61959" grtype="null" id="GRmark_da4524e21fadb8be76e017eb754fa2bcabd61959_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="da4524e21fadb8be76e017eb754fa2bcabd61959" grtype="null" id="GRmark_da4524e21fadb8be76e017eb754fa2bcabd61959_.:1">.</span>158–168.<br />
Papadopoulos, A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Cigarette smoking and lung cancer in women: results of the French ICARE case-control study. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 74<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e2bd6de4cb0097c042281b0676afe3444d0bb4e3" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e2bd6de4cb0097c042281b0676afe3444d0bb4e3_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e2bd6de4cb0097c042281b0676afe3444d0bb4e3" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e2bd6de4cb0097c042281b0676afe3444d0bb4e3_.:1">.</span>369–377.<br />
Park, Ji Young et al., 2010. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="762222ae794f4b1726d4c9f382db34d65b1e24e8" grtype="null" id="GRmark_762222ae794f4b1726d4c9f382db34d65b1e24e8_Impact:0">Impact</span> of smoking on lung cancer risk is stronger in those with the homozygous aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 null allele in a Japanese population. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6961c740bca624312a043cce2e6e5b62e5a53700" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6961c740bca624312a043cce2e6e5b62e5a53700_Carcinogenesis:0">Carcinogenesis</span>, 31<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6961c740bca624312a043cce2e6e5b62e5a53700" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6961c740bca624312a043cce2e6e5b62e5a53700_(:1">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6961c740bca624312a043cce2e6e5b62e5a53700" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6961c740bca624312a043cce2e6e5b62e5a53700_.:2">.</span>660–665.<br />
Park, S.K. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Lung cancer risk and cigarette smoking, lung tuberculosis according to histologic type and gender in a population based case-control study. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 68<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ee3c8a898ad6b3121a2bf0d2c46e35f0fbcf8290" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ee3c8a898ad6b3121a2bf0d2c46e35f0fbcf8290_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ee3c8a898ad6b3121a2bf0d2c46e35f0fbcf8290" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ee3c8a898ad6b3121a2bf0d2c46e35f0fbcf8290_.:1">.</span>20–26.<br />
Parsons, A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Influence of smoking cessation after diagnosis of early stage lung cancer on prognosis: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ea6ed31b6dfc17ba7e48cade44575a10b5d995a4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ea6ed31b6dfc17ba7e48cade44575a10b5d995a4_ed:0">ed</span>.), 340, p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ea6ed31b6dfc17ba7e48cade44575a10b5d995a4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ea6ed31b6dfc17ba7e48cade44575a10b5d995a4_.:1">.</span>b5569.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="1383a9b1343af18af7fc379f5732cbb1091bed1a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_1383a9b1343af18af7fc379f5732cbb1091bed1a_Pavlovska:0">Pavlovska</span>, I., Orovchanec, N. & Zafirova-Ivanovska, B., 2008. Lung cancer and the smoking habit - case control study. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_Prilozi:0">Prilozi</span> / Makedonska akademija na naukite <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_i:1">i</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_umetnostite:2">umetnostite</span>, Oddelenie <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_za:3">za</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_bioloski:4">bioloski</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_i:5">i</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_medicinski:6">medicinski</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_nauki:7">nauki</span> = Contributions / Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Section of Biological and Medical Sciences, 29<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_(:8">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8e691fdaadcf7aefa8c106a17c777f088be05bdb_.:9">.</span>269–280.<br />
Peluso, M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Smoking, DNA adducts and number of risk DNA repair alleles in lung cancer cases, in subjects with benign lung diseases and in controls. Journal of nucleic acids, 2010, p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="591594502aa0ab4573295b1d31da8d18627fbfcf" grtype="null" id="GRmark_591594502aa0ab4573295b1d31da8d18627fbfcf_.:0">.</span>386798.<br />
Pesch, B. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Cigarette smoking and lung cancer--relative risk estimates for the major histological types from a pooled analysis of case-control studies. International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer, 131<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ab62a36da9d609d10342bf6488c5dd80a6011a3b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ab62a36da9d609d10342bf6488c5dd80a6011a3b_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ab62a36da9d609d10342bf6488c5dd80a6011a3b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ab62a36da9d609d10342bf6488c5dd80a6011a3b_.:1">.</span>1210–1219.<br />
Pierce, J.P. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Forty years of faster decline in cigarette smoking in California explains current lower lung cancer rates. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 19<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="126bae841e16414eb6b5f13f87d2d1589d653324" grtype="null" id="GRmark_126bae841e16414eb6b5f13f87d2d1589d653324_(:0">(</span>11), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="126bae841e16414eb6b5f13f87d2d1589d653324" grtype="null" id="GRmark_126bae841e16414eb6b5f13f87d2d1589d653324_.:1">.</span>2801–2810.<br />
Poghosyan, H., Kennedy Sheldon, L. & Cooley, M.E., 2012. The impact of computed tomography screening for lung cancer on smoking behaviors: a teachable moment? Cancer nursing, 35<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d42545e1405d8d42d086a8bf8573ccd80cf0b018" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d42545e1405d8d42d086a8bf8573ccd80cf0b018_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d42545e1405d8d42d086a8bf8573ccd80cf0b018" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d42545e1405d8d42d086a8bf8573ccd80cf0b018_.:1">.</span>446–475.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6a70fc419509046f5b4c295b1295424213618691" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6a70fc419509046f5b4c295b1295424213618691_Poullis:0">Poullis</span>, M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Smoking status at diagnosis and histology type as determinants of long-term outcomes of lung cancer patients. European journal of <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9d1da499423c84209d24c491ae23af5e2efb2611" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9d1da499423c84209d24c491ae23af5e2efb2611_cardio:0">cardio</span>-thoracic surgery: official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.<br />
Prasad, R., Singhal, S. & Garg, R., 2009. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b1e0b3b1ee79c5fffcd1bbcd2354e31df8e1f5a2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b1e0b3b1ee79c5fffcd1bbcd2354e31df8e1f5a2_Bidi:0">Bidi</span> smoking and lung cancer. Bioscience trends, 3<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c7485a12cd044be24d48c0fde9164b4fd467b499" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c7485a12cd044be24d48c0fde9164b4fd467b499_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c7485a12cd044be24d48c0fde9164b4fd467b499" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c7485a12cd044be24d48c0fde9164b4fd467b499_.:1">.</span>41–43.<br />
Printz, C., 2010. Smoking decline reduces lung cancer disparity. Cancer, 116<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8232461096b7137d344d8eaa26281a5824dbfed2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8232461096b7137d344d8eaa26281a5824dbfed2_(:0">(</span>10), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="8232461096b7137d344d8eaa26281a5824dbfed2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_8232461096b7137d344d8eaa26281a5824dbfed2_.:1">.</span>2289.<br />
Printz, C., 2011. Smoking studies produce new findings regarding breast and lung cancer link. Cancer, 117<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f498f56eba088de0aa7c8a00b5b5dcbac406e9d0" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f498f56eba088de0aa7c8a00b5b5dcbac406e9d0_(:0">(</span>13), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f498f56eba088de0aa7c8a00b5b5dcbac406e9d0" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f498f56eba088de0aa7c8a00b5b5dcbac406e9d0_.:1">.</span>2828–2829.<br />
Pronk, A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Occupational risk of lung cancer among lifetime non-smoking women in Shanghai, China. Occupational and environmental medicine, 66<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="43f6010990a666159069661835808a4e26aecd0c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_43f6010990a666159069661835808a4e26aecd0c_(:0">(</span>10), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="43f6010990a666159069661835808a4e26aecd0c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_43f6010990a666159069661835808a4e26aecd0c_.:1">.</span>672–678.<br />
Raupach, T., Quintel, M. & Hinterthaner, M., 2010. [Preoperative smoking cessation in patients with lung cancer]. Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany), 64(11), pp.694–700.<br />
Ray, G., Henson, D.E. & Schwartz, A.M., 2010. Cigarette smoking as a cause of cancers other than lung cancer: an exploratory study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Chest, 138<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d60517b932e0b82a6e6af76dc9bfd8d0f59f2bc4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d60517b932e0b82a6e6af76dc9bfd8d0f59f2bc4_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d60517b932e0b82a6e6af76dc9bfd8d0f59f2bc4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d60517b932e0b82a6e6af76dc9bfd8d0f59f2bc4_.:1">.</span>491–499.<br />
Richardson, D.B. & Wing, S., 2011. Evidence of confounding by smoking of associations between radiation and lung cancer mortality among workers at the Savannah River Site. American journal of industrial medicine, 54<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e65df20028fb524321d8aee7c89dcdf2eb09aa7d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e65df20028fb524321d8aee7c89dcdf2eb09aa7d_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e65df20028fb524321d8aee7c89dcdf2eb09aa7d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e65df20028fb524321d8aee7c89dcdf2eb09aa7d_.:1">.</span>421–427.<br />
Richardson, D.B., 2010. Occupational exposures and lung cancer: adjustment for unmeasured confounding by smoking. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 21<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3048518a5034c4c21d867fc727c4a66ac3ca4313" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3048518a5034c4c21d867fc727c4a66ac3ca4313_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3048518a5034c4c21d867fc727c4a66ac3ca4313" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3048518a5034c4c21d867fc727c4a66ac3ca4313_.:1">.</span>181–186.<br />
Robinson, C.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. ‘Just because you’ve got lung cancer doesn’t mean I will’: lung cancer, smoking, and family dynamics. Journal of family nursing, 16<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="08d8a3777d6b43fe520f0ab5474e746630480b23" grtype="null" id="GRmark_08d8a3777d6b43fe520f0ab5474e746630480b23_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="08d8a3777d6b43fe520f0ab5474e746630480b23" grtype="null" id="GRmark_08d8a3777d6b43fe520f0ab5474e746630480b23_.:1">.</span>282–301.<br />
Rosenberg, M.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Chapter 3: Cohort life tables by smoking status, removing lung cancer as a cause of death. Risk analysis: an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis, 32 Suppl 1, pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b4001afeb5ebd66791d43f72ea5d0db7e32a6c7a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b4001afeb5ebd66791d43f72ea5d0db7e32a6c7a_.:0">.</span>S25–38.<br />
Rozen, T.D., 2011. Individuals with cluster headache appear to have a reduced risk of developing lung cancer from chronic cigarette smoking. Headache, 51<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="00f40bea7f3a7e946a50138ac03ad82beccc9b51" grtype="null" id="GRmark_00f40bea7f3a7e946a50138ac03ad82beccc9b51_(:0">(</span>7), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="00f40bea7f3a7e946a50138ac03ad82beccc9b51" grtype="null" id="GRmark_00f40bea7f3a7e946a50138ac03ad82beccc9b51_.:1">.</span>1174–1176.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="2a0e1195d4fc848269dd92f2c83ea079d53b9e0c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_2a0e1195d4fc848269dd92f2c83ea079d53b9e0c_Ryu:0">Ryu</span>, J<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="2a0e1195d4fc848269dd92f2c83ea079d53b9e0c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_2a0e1195d4fc848269dd92f2c83ea079d53b9e0c_.:1">.</span>-S. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Gender differences in susceptibility to smoking among patients with lung cancer. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 26<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="87db9487fee6361bf5f2b85ec4df8e6496cfdd0c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_87db9487fee6361bf5f2b85ec4df8e6496cfdd0c_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="87db9487fee6361bf5f2b85ec4df8e6496cfdd0c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_87db9487fee6361bf5f2b85ec4df8e6496cfdd0c_.:1">.</span>427–431.<br />
Saccone, N.L. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Multiple independent loci at chromosome 15q25.1 affect smoking quantity: a meta-analysis and comparison with lung cancer and COPD. PLoS genetics, 6<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="f5a8c8b20090343e8fc0e46680e05e6b1b9971f2" grtype="null" id="GRmark_f5a8c8b20090343e8fc0e46680e05e6b1b9971f2_(:0">(</span>8).<br />
Samanta, D., Gonzalez, A.L., et al., 2012. Smoking attenuates transforming growth factor-<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="21e98e71e92b472f779e479d87ec20a907deaffc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_21e98e71e92b472f779e479d87ec20a907deaffc_?:0">?</span>-mediated tumor suppression function through <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="21e98e71e92b472f779e479d87ec20a907deaffc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_21e98e71e92b472f779e479d87ec20a907deaffc_downregulation:1">downregulation</span> of Smad3 in lung cancer. Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 5<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fbdf981c838a77a67afa68f05a15dcfc2f7c0d0e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fbdf981c838a77a67afa68f05a15dcfc2f7c0d0e_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fbdf981c838a77a67afa68f05a15dcfc2f7c0d0e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fbdf981c838a77a67afa68f05a15dcfc2f7c0d0e_.:1">.</span>453–463.<br />
Samanta, D., Kaufman, J., et al., 2012. Long-term smoking mediated down-regulation of Smad3 induces resistance to <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="414150efe79065ec0d583372e940e06055d09f3a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_414150efe79065ec0d583372e940e06055d09f3a_carboplatin:0">carboplatin</span> in non-small cell lung cancer. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="742ffa0667eb627daf4364298a0be2d6e262fbea" grtype="null" id="GRmark_742ffa0667eb627daf4364298a0be2d6e262fbea_Neoplasia:0">Neoplasia</span> (New York, N.Y.), 14<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="742ffa0667eb627daf4364298a0be2d6e262fbea" grtype="null" id="GRmark_742ffa0667eb627daf4364298a0be2d6e262fbea_(:1">(</span>7), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="742ffa0667eb627daf4364298a0be2d6e262fbea" grtype="null" id="GRmark_742ffa0667eb627daf4364298a0be2d6e262fbea_.:2">.</span>644–655.<br />
Samet, J.M., 2012. What was the first epidemiological study of smoking and lung cancer? Preventive medicine, 55<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="25700355a97511681a7ea3fccd9c308ff80f4b1d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_25700355a97511681a7ea3fccd9c308ff80f4b1d_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="25700355a97511681a7ea3fccd9c308ff80f4b1d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_25700355a97511681a7ea3fccd9c308ff80f4b1d_.:1">.</span>178–180.<br />
Sasaki, H. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07627bb9aafaf9dc1cd515cc1f7ae934bf3c1c3f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07627bb9aafaf9dc1cd515cc1f7ae934bf3c1c3f_Braf:0">Braf</span> and erbB2 mutations correlate with smoking status in lung cancer patients. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 3<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="51fb0245cbcba43b13579abd281cedd503be4c36" grtype="null" id="GRmark_51fb0245cbcba43b13579abd281cedd503be4c36_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="51fb0245cbcba43b13579abd281cedd503be4c36" grtype="null" id="GRmark_51fb0245cbcba43b13579abd281cedd503be4c36_.:1">.</span>771–775.<br />
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<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="492aa34860cc34163d497d3b85d593f6800d52c0" grtype="null" id="GRmark_492aa34860cc34163d497d3b85d593f6800d52c0_Schnelzer:0">Schnelzer</span>, M. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Accounting for smoking in the radon-related lung cancer risk among German uranium miners: results of a nested case-control study. Health physics, 98<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e4d3e7a737d0de97dd608603d3f5c6b496f76a90" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e4d3e7a737d0de97dd608603d3f5c6b496f76a90_(:0">(</span>1), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e4d3e7a737d0de97dd608603d3f5c6b496f76a90" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e4d3e7a737d0de97dd608603d3f5c6b496f76a90_.:1">.</span>20–28.<br />
Schwartz, A.G. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Racial differences in the association between SNPs on 15q25.1, smoking behavior, and risk of non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of thoracic oncology: official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 4<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d65546fce86f8e8499cf17dfdd3e9283cad3479d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d65546fce86f8e8499cf17dfdd3e9283cad3479d_(:0">(</span>10), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d65546fce86f8e8499cf17dfdd3e9283cad3479d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d65546fce86f8e8499cf17dfdd3e9283cad3479d_.:1">.</span>1195–1201.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d840aa9c050f57df64b534d7a9413774b5e86396" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d840aa9c050f57df64b534d7a9413774b5e86396_Shi:0">Shi</span>, L. & Iguchi, M.Y., 2011. ‘Risk <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="1a3797f2b86f48ad87d8a96241103298582236b1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_1a3797f2b86f48ad87d8a96241103298582236b1_homeostasis’or:0">homeostasis’or</span> ‘teachable moment’? <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="a5c13449cbbd9ec8333fbc881368d178143ca43a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_a5c13449cbbd9ec8333fbc881368d178143ca43a_the:0">the</span> interaction between smoking behavior and lung cancer screening in the Mayo Lung Project. Tobacco induced diseases, 9<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="70358dd6d68fbbfacc8a179fa9517d4a6efa18c6" grtype="null" id="GRmark_70358dd6d68fbbfacc8a179fa9517d4a6efa18c6_(:0">(</span>1), p.2.<br />
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Singh, N. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Quantified smoking status and non-small cell lung cancer stage at presentation: analysis of a North Indian cohort and a systematic review of literature. Journal of thoracic disease, 4<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="75b0a1de1aab59f355ec1f29c73d5fa649526bd4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_75b0a1de1aab59f355ec1f29c73d5fa649526bd4_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="75b0a1de1aab59f355ec1f29c73d5fa649526bd4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_75b0a1de1aab59f355ec1f29c73d5fa649526bd4_.:1">.</span>474–484.<br />
Smith, D.R. & Beh, E.J., 2011. Hirayama, passive smoking and lung cancer: 30 years on and the numbers still don’t lie. Public <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="46d9cbe22c5c1c5074303f9935e04781065dd0f9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_46d9cbe22c5c1c5074303f9935e04781065dd0f9_health:0">health</span>, 125<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="46d9cbe22c5c1c5074303f9935e04781065dd0f9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_46d9cbe22c5c1c5074303f9935e04781065dd0f9_(:1">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="46d9cbe22c5c1c5074303f9935e04781065dd0f9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_46d9cbe22c5c1c5074303f9935e04781065dd0f9_.:2">.</span>179–181.<br />
Smith, G.D., 2009. Smoking and lung cancer: causality, Cornfield and an early observational meta-analysis. International journal of epidemiology, 38<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e2abb6a8343d8328542617960fff9e5d1b850a9b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e2abb6a8343d8328542617960fff9e5d1b850a9b_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e2abb6a8343d8328542617960fff9e5d1b850a9b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e2abb6a8343d8328542617960fff9e5d1b850a9b_.:1">.</span>1169–1171.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9edd78b144b2555b488ea09408e6fcd093b3ad42" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9edd78b144b2555b488ea09408e6fcd093b3ad42_Soerjomataram:0">Soerjomataram</span>, I. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Reducing inequalities in lung cancer incidence through smoking policies. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 73<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fb324e6a8600c6f387c84a242068645fa54dc91d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fb324e6a8600c6f387c84a242068645fa54dc91d_(:0">(</span>3), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="fb324e6a8600c6f387c84a242068645fa54dc91d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_fb324e6a8600c6f387c84a242068645fa54dc91d_.:1">.</span>268–273.<br />
Solano-Reina, S., De Granda-Orive, J.I. & Jimenez-Ruiz, C.A., 2011. Smoking cessation: an essential component in the treatment of lung cancer patients. Archivos de bronconeumologia, 47(9), p.477.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22ea40d7e8da2fec1be003830aca49cb071fa0a9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22ea40d7e8da2fec1be003830aca49cb071fa0a9_Steliga:0">Steliga</span>, M.A. & Dresler, C.M., 2011. Epidemiology of lung cancer: smoking, secondhand smoke, and genetics. Surgical oncology clinics of North America, 20<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="df18e7fd485e4ba7386fe83b604bfb2e6e0de77d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_df18e7fd485e4ba7386fe83b604bfb2e6e0de77d_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="df18e7fd485e4ba7386fe83b604bfb2e6e0de77d" grtype="null" id="GRmark_df18e7fd485e4ba7386fe83b604bfb2e6e0de77d_.:1">.</span>605–618.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="000e0009da803050c7cbbdb53d36712b933885fd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_000e0009da803050c7cbbdb53d36712b933885fd_Styn:0">Styn</span>, M.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. Smoking behavior 1 year after computed tomography screening for lung cancer: Effect of physician referral for abnormal CT findings. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 18<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="be03752ba0218209178fd8df76181f492af7adca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_be03752ba0218209178fd8df76181f492af7adca_(:0">(</span>12), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="be03752ba0218209178fd8df76181f492af7adca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_be03752ba0218209178fd8df76181f492af7adca_.:1">.</span>3484–3489.<br />
Tang, L. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Lung cancer in Chinese women: evidence for an interaction between tobacco smoking and exposure to inhalants in the indoor environment. Environmental health perspectives, 118<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ba93e16a50ea52eda8c9285366e5361d1c694cbe" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ba93e16a50ea52eda8c9285366e5361d1c694cbe_(:0">(</span>9), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="ba93e16a50ea52eda8c9285366e5361d1c694cbe" grtype="null" id="GRmark_ba93e16a50ea52eda8c9285366e5361d1c694cbe_.:1">.</span>1257–1260.<br />
Thompson, C.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Smoking and lung cancer: current trends in Austria. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 124<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="aff81ecb667d930467f5308ef401af1ba4764dbe" grtype="null" id="GRmark_aff81ecb667d930467f5308ef401af1ba4764dbe_(:0">(</span>15-16), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="aff81ecb667d930467f5308ef401af1ba4764dbe" grtype="null" id="GRmark_aff81ecb667d930467f5308ef401af1ba4764dbe_.:1">.</span>493–499.<br />
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Togashi, Y. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Association of the transforming growth factor ?1 promoter polymorphism, C-509T, with smoking status and survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology reports, 25<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="61b40c791dee06f1e9067238566dcaf34983ec15" grtype="null" id="GRmark_61b40c791dee06f1e9067238566dcaf34983ec15_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="61b40c791dee06f1e9067238566dcaf34983ec15" grtype="null" id="GRmark_61b40c791dee06f1e9067238566dcaf34983ec15_.:1">.</span>377–382.<br />
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Turner, N.C. & Seckl, M.J., 2010. A therapeutic target for smoking-associated lung cancer. Science translational medicine, 2<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="769d05d785dd2d7323f6c36e17828accb36e24fb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_769d05d785dd2d7323f6c36e17828accb36e24fb_(:0">(</span>62), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="769d05d785dd2d7323f6c36e17828accb36e24fb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_769d05d785dd2d7323f6c36e17828accb36e24fb_.:1">.</span>62ps56.<br />
Van der Aalst, C M et al., 2011. The impact of a lung cancer computed tomography screening result on smoking abstinence. The European respiratory journal: official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology, 37<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3ba4a69525dafc1a1ce0cff665d10a518086ee3f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3ba4a69525dafc1a1ce0cff665d10a518086ee3f_(:0">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="3ba4a69525dafc1a1ce0cff665d10a518086ee3f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_3ba4a69525dafc1a1ce0cff665d10a518086ee3f_.:1">.</span>1466–1473.<br />
Van der Aalst, Carlijn M et al., 2012. The effectiveness of a computer-tailored smoking cessation intervention for participants in lung cancer screening: a <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0c5a4a872e15664bd0564343419d8349a3c06897" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0c5a4a872e15664bd0564343419d8349a3c06897_randomised:0">randomised</span> controlled trial. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 76<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="aa5362000ecd72cc97121759f2b9a8f45d1de944" grtype="null" id="GRmark_aa5362000ecd72cc97121759f2b9a8f45d1de944_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="aa5362000ecd72cc97121759f2b9a8f45d1de944" grtype="null" id="GRmark_aa5362000ecd72cc97121759f2b9a8f45d1de944_.:1">.</span>204–210.<br />
Van der Aalst, Carlijn Michelle et al., 2010. Lung cancer screening and smoking abstinence: 2 year follow-up data from the Dutch-Belgian <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="e20c82ae59146695a89a3e8d00a532ff1a795203" grtype="null" id="GRmark_e20c82ae59146695a89a3e8d00a532ff1a795203_randomised:0">randomised</span> controlled lung cancer screening trial. Thorax, 65<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="34072ca41561c85a9e56ae8d6680de61a054d0c9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_34072ca41561c85a9e56ae8d6680de61a054d0c9_(:0">(</span>7), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="34072ca41561c85a9e56ae8d6680de61a054d0c9" grtype="null" id="GRmark_34072ca41561c85a9e56ae8d6680de61a054d0c9_.:1">.</span>600–605.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="42c2347c7cb8e83209dc71b38a7412004f84d1d7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_42c2347c7cb8e83209dc71b38a7412004f84d1d7_VanderWeele:0">VanderWeele</span>, T.J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Genetic variants on 15q25.1, smoking, and lung cancer: an assessment of mediation and interaction. American journal of epidemiology, 175<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bdf1291755c915bd43e2406fa99281dcd359606a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bdf1291755c915bd43e2406fa99281dcd359606a_(:0">(</span>10), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bdf1291755c915bd43e2406fa99281dcd359606a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bdf1291755c915bd43e2406fa99281dcd359606a_.:1">.</span>1013–1020.<br />
Vasseur, J.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Smoking and lung cancer-induced changes in N-glycosylation of blood serum proteins. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="86c9de95affb3fd69962b5489d34a213a83a3f55" grtype="null" id="GRmark_86c9de95affb3fd69962b5489d34a213a83a3f55_Glycobiology:0">Glycobiology</span>, 22<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="86c9de95affb3fd69962b5489d34a213a83a3f55" grtype="null" id="GRmark_86c9de95affb3fd69962b5489d34a213a83a3f55_(:1">(</span>12), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="86c9de95affb3fd69962b5489d34a213a83a3f55" grtype="null" id="GRmark_86c9de95affb3fd69962b5489d34a213a83a3f55_.:2">.</span>1684–1708.<br />
Wan, Y<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c49d42b6b741d42b2bdde2bde183e0ff79c2a6c4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c49d42b6b741d42b2bdde2bde183e0ff79c2a6c4_.:0">.</span>-W. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. A smoking-associated 7-gene signature for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. International journal of oncology.<br />
Wang, J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Mediating effects of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the relation between the CHRNA5-A3 genetic locus and lung cancer risk. Cancer, 116<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bdcab55bc03f3371c007951cfe59c822ab4f7820" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bdcab55bc03f3371c007951cfe59c822ab4f7820_(:0">(</span>14), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="bdcab55bc03f3371c007951cfe59c822ab4f7820" grtype="null" id="GRmark_bdcab55bc03f3371c007951cfe59c822ab4f7820_.:1">.</span>3458–3462.<br />
Wang, J. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Method for Evaluating Multiple Mediators: Mediating Effects of Smoking and COPD on the Association between the CHRNA5-A3 Variant and Lung Cancer Risk. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6bb3d64616639c45fd08367c42a5557d5d0730b1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6bb3d64616639c45fd08367c42a5557d5d0730b1_PloS:0">PloS</span> one, 7<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6bb3d64616639c45fd08367c42a5557d5d0730b1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6bb3d64616639c45fd08367c42a5557d5d0730b1_(:1">(</span>10), p<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6bb3d64616639c45fd08367c42a5557d5d0730b1" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6bb3d64616639c45fd08367c42a5557d5d0730b1_.:2">.</span>e47705.<br />
Wassenaar, C.A. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Relationship between CYP2A6 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 variation and smoking behaviors and lung cancer risk. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 103<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="506546c969f25d7134ffc534cad3b8eb5185aca7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_506546c969f25d7134ffc534cad3b8eb5185aca7_(:0">(</span>17), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="506546c969f25d7134ffc534cad3b8eb5185aca7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_506546c969f25d7134ffc534cad3b8eb5185aca7_.:1">.</span>1342–1346.<br />
Winkler, V. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Predicting lung cancer deaths from smoking prevalence data. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 74<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="7ea5dbf8db632fb17dce12b6a341160a40aea0bb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_7ea5dbf8db632fb17dce12b6a341160a40aea0bb_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="7ea5dbf8db632fb17dce12b6a341160a40aea0bb" grtype="null" id="GRmark_7ea5dbf8db632fb17dce12b6a341160a40aea0bb_.:1">.</span>170–177.<br />
Wong, K<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c2fe2eaaba9964df0764abad448d35fb155f2d6e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c2fe2eaaba9964df0764abad448d35fb155f2d6e_.:0">.</span>-Y. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Smoking cessation and lung cancer risk in an Asian population: findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. British journal of cancer, 103<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0b3110c5b1d414424891dc320a70b339e9691ce4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0b3110c5b1d414424891dc320a70b339e9691ce4_(:0">(</span>7), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0b3110c5b1d414424891dc320a70b339e9691ce4" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0b3110c5b1d414424891dc320a70b339e9691ce4_.:1">.</span>1093–1096.<br />
Wu, K. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Influence of interleukin-1 beta genetic polymorphism, smoking and alcohol drinking on the risk of non-small cell lung cancer. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05_Clinica:0">Clinica</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05_chimica:1">chimica</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05_acta:2">acta</span>; international journal of clinical chemistry, 411<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05_(:3">(</span>19-20), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c3fca381be94b4aafe5aff7c81c5706122d42c05_.:4">.</span>1441–1446.<br />
Xie, Z. & Liu, D., 2009. [Pathogenesis of Molecular Signaling Pathways Changes in Smoking-induced Lung Cancer.]. Zhongguo <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53_fei:0">fei</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53_ai:1">ai</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53_za:2">za</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53_zhi:3">zhi</span> = Chinese journal of lung cancer, 12<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53_(:4">(</span>11), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_22ae174db81b2c17e2609e67abf4213bb2c22e53_.:5">.</span>1202–1205.<br />
Yang, Jiyun et al., 2011. Promoter methylation of BRMS1 correlates with smoking history and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 74<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c6bb2cbc1d97156afc49b4ab2ace4a7a934e02be" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c6bb2cbc1d97156afc49b4ab2ace4a7a934e02be_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c6bb2cbc1d97156afc49b4ab2ace4a7a934e02be" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c6bb2cbc1d97156afc49b4ab2ace4a7a934e02be_.:1">.</span>305–309.<br />
Yano, E. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. Lung cancer mortality from exposure to chrysotile asbestos and smoking: a case-control study within a cohort in China. Occupational and environmental medicine, 67<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c966d15d6f59d2811a33323e539052c64da40ccc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c966d15d6f59d2811a33323e539052c64da40ccc_(:0">(</span>12), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="c966d15d6f59d2811a33323e539052c64da40ccc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_c966d15d6f59d2811a33323e539052c64da40ccc_.:1">.</span>867–871.<br />
Yano, T. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7" grtype="null" id="GRmark_603dbf39a15856f73a457d6a65c739eeed2349a7_et:0">et</span> al., 2011. Non-small cell lung cancer in never smokers as a representative ‘non-smoking-associated lung cancer’: epidemiology and clinical features. International journal of clinical oncology / Japan Society of Clinical Oncology, 16<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4e803a93e904ea25b2ea14a2fa460f41b177586a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4e803a93e904ea25b2ea14a2fa460f41b177586a_(:0">(</span>4), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="4e803a93e904ea25b2ea14a2fa460f41b177586a" grtype="null" id="GRmark_4e803a93e904ea25b2ea14a2fa460f41b177586a_.:1">.</span>287–293.<br />
Yu, W. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Dynamic protein-protein interaction subnetworks of lung cancer in cases with smoking history. Chinese journal of cancer.<br />
Zhang, Y. & Liu, C., 2012. The interaction between smoking and GSTM1 variant on lung cancer in the Chinese population. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="9a68d9251d12a847b8f72a6196171251861507df" grtype="null" id="GRmark_9a68d9251d12a847b8f72a6196171251861507df_Tumour:0">Tumour</span> biology: the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine.<br />
Zhang, Z. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca" grtype="null" id="GRmark_b277701fdde77db98aee0a3a242d0ad6074f28ca_et:0">et</span> al., 2012. Cigarette smoking strongly modifies the association of <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="2bfa0b98d13fe09866e6a9909ea56d3d0e2e69be" grtype="null" id="GRmark_2bfa0b98d13fe09866e6a9909ea56d3d0e2e69be_complement factor H variant:0">complement factor H variant</span> and the risk of lung cancer. Cancer epidemiology, 36<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6157a6e4340f00827c43723c04eeaaa0163de9dc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6157a6e4340f00827c43723c04eeaaa0163de9dc_(:0">(</span>2), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="6157a6e4340f00827c43723c04eeaaa0163de9dc" grtype="null" id="GRmark_6157a6e4340f00827c43723c04eeaaa0163de9dc_.:1">.</span>e111–115.<br />
Zhao, H. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd" grtype="null" id="GRmark_0f455c83dd196eadf8ca76831c2fe6c92b7265bd_et:0">et</span> al., 2010. [Meta-analysis of the relationship between passive smoking population in China and lung cancer]. Zhongguo <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f_fei:0">fei</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f_ai:1">ai</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f_za:2">za</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f_zhi:3">zhi</span> = Chinese journal of lung cancer, 13<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f_(:4">(</span>6), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f" grtype="null" id="GRmark_d24146a876cf751def2b353a69d6579ee4b0970f_.:5">.</span>617–623.<br />
Zhu, X.-X., Hu, C.-P. & <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="025ab95b79e639c01fc6523dee812bd10dc94c36" grtype="null" id="GRmark_025ab95b79e639c01fc6523dee812bd10dc94c36_Gu:0">Gu</span>, Q<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="025ab95b79e639c01fc6523dee812bd10dc94c36" grtype="null" id="GRmark_025ab95b79e639c01fc6523dee812bd10dc94c36_.:1">.</span>-H., 2010. [CYP1A1 polymorphisms, lack of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), cooking oil fumes and lung cancer risk in non-smoking women]. Zhonghua jie he he <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53_hu:0">hu</span> xi <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53_za:1">za</span> <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53_zhi:2">zhi</span> = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 33<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53_(:3">(</span>11), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53" grtype="null" id="GRmark_07dfdb0227dbb81587a53892dea406258957ea53_.:4">.</span>817–822.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="85f53b0da0d3c34fa348e421307ce1e49f45d41e" grtype="null" id="GRmark_85f53b0da0d3c34fa348e421307ce1e49f45d41e_Zou:0">Zou</span>, X. <span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_770e943ccebda5d06300fb2a2fe8a94aafb90e6b_et:0">et</span> al., 2009. [Study on the relations between smoking and the risk of age-specific lung cancer deaths in urban and rural areas of China]. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi, 30(9), pp.907–910.<br />
<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="90e92a18c5b378f4616de5b6df5eb17c0c7cf91c" grtype="null" id="GRmark_90e92a18c5b378f4616de5b6df5eb17c0c7cf91c_Zwahlen:0">Zwahlen</span>, M., 2009. Commentary: Cornfield on cigarette smoking and lung cancer and how to assess causality. International journal of epidemiology, 38<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="05d866fc0db1ea238795598c3856c957c46ca99b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_05d866fc0db1ea238795598c3856c957c46ca99b_(:0">(</span>5), pp<span class="GRcorrect" grphrase="05d866fc0db1ea238795598c3856c957c46ca99b" grtype="null" id="GRmark_05d866fc0db1ea238795598c3856c957c46ca99b_.:1">.</span>1197–1198.<br />
Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-20069899726712366712012-06-13T21:39:00.000-07:002012-11-18T00:28:07.794-08:00AAPL<center style="text-align: left;">
2012 Nov</center>
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2012 Jun</center>
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<br />Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-12114202680613203272011-10-15T07:52:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.711-07:00The 'politics' of Casino Gaming machines (MBS & RWS) <a href="/photos/hi-res/4/179"><span class="insertedphoto"><img class="alignmiddleb" src="http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/1/photos/4/1200x1200/179/POP-100-90-Simulation.gif?et=PKzADLVMJUd5y4zrnj59kA&nmid=438549980" border="0"></span><span class="insertedphoto"><img class="alignmiddleb" src="http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/1/photos/4/1200x1200/178/POP-100-90-20kRounds-Simulation.gif?et=3RwIQFoQ1mb%2C%2BJ19xgQNqg&nmid=438549980" border="0"></span><br></a><span class="insertedphoto"></span> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-82507450905802731932011-08-25T01:26:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.735-07:00Tan Jee Say Presidential Rally: Jeanette Chong-Aruldoss Rally Speech <iframe style="font-family: arial,helvetica;" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Q8cMxmmsuyE" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="345" width="560"></iframe><br><br><font size="3"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Jeanette Chong-Aruldoss Rally Speech</span><br><br>Much heat, though not enough light, has so far been generated in the recent public debates on the role of the Elected President.<br><br>On the one hand, we have Law Minister Shanmugam saying at a forum held on 6 Aug 2011 http://www.spp.nus.edu.sg/ips/IPS_news.aspx that: Our Presidency is created by the Constitution. This means that the Constitution alone can be the source of his powers.” http://www.spp.nus.edu.sg/ips/docs/media/yr2011/Elected%20Presidency/ST_President<br>%20is%20constitutional%20head%20of%20state_080811.pdf<br><br>On the other hand, Law Professor Thio Li Ann has said that the constitutional text is not exhaustive as presidential powers may be found in two further sources. First, constitutional conventions derived from long practice. For example, we are all familiar with the President’s role in promoting charitable causes and in fostering community bonding, but you cannot find mention of these roles in our Constitution. Second, apart from the Constitution there are also written guidelines or rules of engagements which have been agreed between the Government and the President in the interest of a harmonious working relationship. These written arrangements, which are outside of the Constitution, may shape the exercises of presidential powers.<br>http://www.singaporelawwatch.sg/remweb/legal/ln2/rss/legalnews/72860.html?<br>utm_source=rss+subscription&utm_medium=rss<br><br>These two legal eagles seem to have opposite views. So people are still unsure about the extent and limits of role and functions of the Elected President.<br><br>But what everyone agrees and what is clear to me, is that the President is the Representor and Guardian of the People’s interests. He symbolises and represents the whole country. He must be the unifier of all the various sectors of society in Singapore. He must be above politics. http://www.spp.nus.edu.sg/ips/docs/media/yr2011/Elected%20Presidency/BT_The<br>%20presidents%20role%20and%20powers_060811.pdf<br><br>Unfortunately, of the other candidates apart from Jee Say, all of them were active members of the PAP for a decade or more and 2 of them were politicians holding political office for long periods of time.<br><br>TAN KIN LIAN http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Kin_Lian was a member of the PAP for<br>30 years, before he resigned in 2008. For 10 years, he was an active PAP member for the Marine Parade constituency. He was the PAP’s branch secretary at Marine Parade for 3 years.<br>http://web.archive.org/web/20090316094937/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/Si ngapore/Story/STIStory_305814.html<br><br>TAN CHENG BOCK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Bock was MP for Ayer Rajah SMC for 26 years (1980-2006). He was also the first non cabinet minister elected into the PAP’s Central Executive Committee, which is the highest ruling committee within the PAP, where he served from 1987 to 1996. Representing PAP, TCB has fought no less than six(6)<br>contested General Elections: 1980, 1984, 1988, 1991, 1997 and 2001. I think I am not wrong to say, that TCB is a veteran politician and an active, long-standing member of the PAP.<br><br>TONY TAN KENG YAM http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Tan_Keng_Yam has been a PAP member since 1979 till June 2011, more than 30 years. Representing the PAP, he became a MP in 1979 and has been an MP for the next 27 years until 2006.<br>From 1980 to 1991, TT in the Cabinet where he served as Minister for Education (1980–81 &<br>1985–91), Minister for Trade & Industry (1981–86), Minister for Finance (1983–85), and<br>Minister for Health (1985–86).<br><br>From 1995 to 2005, he re-joined the Cabinet, where he served as Deputy Prime Minister<br>(1995–2005) and Minister for Defence (1995-2003). TT resigned from the PAP in June 2011.<br>Apart from being a PAP old guard, TT was until 1 July 2011, Executive Director and Deputy Chairman of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC) and Chairman of Singapore Press Holdings Limited (SPH).<br><br>According to TT, the EP "... has to be above politics and needs to work with the government of the day and all political parties, including the opposition, civic and social organisations, and he cannot take a partisan view."<br>http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Singapore/Story/A1Story20110715-<br>289402.html<br><br>According to TT, he is equal to this role, despite his 33 year membership in the PAP, despite having been an MP for 27 years, despite being a Cabinet Minister for two periods of 10 years each, and despite having been at the helm of the GIC and SPH up until last month. TT has assured voters that if elected, he would be act independently.<br><br>TAN JEE SAY Much has been made of the fact he contested on the opposition ticket in the last GE 2011. But let us put things in context. Jee Say’s stint as a politician lasted less than 4 months from early April this year till end of July. Previous to joining SDP in April this year, Jee Say had spoken up to share his views in his personal capacity and representing only himself, at forums and other events. But by no means can he be described as having any kind of political career, apart from those 3.5 months with SDP. Is Jee Say “partisan”? He was a member of SDP for only 3.5 months. The other 3 candidates have been PAP members for decades. Well, I think it fair to say, that of the 4, Jee Say is by comparison the least partisan, and hence the most likely to be independent- minded.<br><br>Coming back to TT’s words, that the President has to be able to work with the Govt of the day. On this score, it is to be noted that Jee Say was a member of the civil service for 11 years, including six years in the Ministry of Trade and Industry from 1979 to 1985.[2] He rose to become Deputy Director for Economic and Manpower Planning.[1] During that period, he served concurrently as secretary to Albert Winsemius, the government's economic adviser.[1] He went on to serve as then-Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong's principal private secretary from 1985 to 1990. I am sure that in the many years that Jee Say spent in the civil service, he would have made a lot of friends and acquaintances, not to mention a deep understanding of how the civil service is organised and run.<br><br>He left the civil service in 1990 and entered the private sector. In the private sector, he worked in the finance industry for a decade. So Jee Say has experienced how it is like to work in the public sector as well as the private sector.<br><br>Again, coming back to TT’s words that the President must be able to work with all political parties, including the opposition, civil and social organisation…. Let not forget, that the 40% of the votes went to the opposition, so significant proportion of Singaporeans are opposition supporters. But all are Singaporeans. Here, Tan Jee Say’s short stint as a opposition politician puts him in a unique position. He is someone who has spent long years in the civil service including 5 years working with GCT, and yet he has also spent time with members of the opposition and personal friends with many civil and social activists. In him, I feel can be found the best hope of being the Unifier of all Singaporeans.<br><br>Today in Singapore, we have the privilege and the dilemma of having to choose between four qualified and worthy candidates for the top post of President. To me, Jee Say offers the best hope for truly independent, non-partisan, unifying President. As if this is not enough, Jee Say has also shown me that he has the passion to serve Singapore. So, without skipping a heartbeat, my vote is for TJS.</font><br> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-43758949924324018852011-08-18T09:29:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.720-07:00Tan Jee Say: Presidential Candidate's 1st Broadcast (18 Aug 2011) <iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/GYrFeqi1bI0" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="345" width="560"></iframe><font size="3"> <br>My Fellow Singaporeans,<br><br>This Presidential Election is a historic opportunity for all our citizens to fulfil the mission of the Office of President.<br><br>In the past, the President was appointed by the Prime Minister. But about 20 years ago, the Constitution was changed to enable the people to elect the President directly. This was a fundamental change.<br><br>The purpose of direct election is to give moral authority to the President to provide checks and balances on the Government.<br><br>Remember the key words "<span style="font-weight: bold;">provide checks and balances on the Government</span>".<br><br>This is the over-riding objective of having an elected President.<br><br>It is a very important and timely objective in the light of the recent General Elections. Most of us can still remember that only 3 months ago, Singaporeans from all walks of life openly expressed their unhappiness with Government policies.<br><br>A substantial 40% did not vote for this Government. Yet the PAP Government still has 81 out of a total of 87 Members of Parliament. With their overwhelming majority in Parliament, the Government can implement whatever policies they want or even change the Constitution.<br><br>Do you want this to happen? Can you prevent it? Yes you can. But only if you elect a President who has the moral courage to stand up for you and to speak up whenever the Government crosses the line.<br><br>You have before you a choice of 4 candidates. All of us want your vote. You have to decide who among us can best perform the duty of providing checks and balances on the PAP Government.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">The importance of independence</span><br>To do the job effectively, the President must be independent of the ruling party. This independence must be clear, obvious and cannot be in doubt. Only such an independent person can have the moral authority to check on the Government. He must not be influenced or hampered by past ties with the ruling party. If his ties with the ruling party had been long and strong, it will be difficult for the person to shake off the emotional ties he has with the party.<br><br>My three opponents are honourable men but they were members of PAP for 20 to 30 years until they resigned from the party with two of them having quit only very recently. During this period, they ate, slept, walked and breathed PAP. Do you now expect them to have a<br>breath of fresh air? Mentally and emotionally, it will be very difficult for them to think differently from the ruling party and challenge their former colleagues and friends.<br><br>Unlike them, I do not have the same emotional baggage that they carry because I have never been a member of the PAP. Because of this, I can provide checks and balances on the Government without restraint. I can and will remind them of their lapses without feeling embarrassed. I shall be their conscience, as well as yours.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">The economy</span><br>The economy faces an uncertain future with a difficult global environment. The President will likely be called upon to help meet the economic challenges. This will require the President to stay on top of the economy.<br><br>I am equal to the task. I studied economics in university and worked in the Ministry of Trade and Industry where I headed economic and manpower planning. In addition, I had worked in international banks and investment houses, so I understand global finance.<br><br>The coming global financial crisis will put domestic economic issues into greater focus. The open expression of widespread anger during the recent General Elections has shown how divided the nation has become. Job losses and the widening income gap will become more pronounced as the global economy worsens. They will divide society further and deeper. To prevent such deep division, bold measures are needed.<br><br>The Prime Minister has acknowledged that there is great unhappiness among the people. But the recent measures he announced during the National Day Rally Speech do not address the people's concerns adequately. They represent the same piece-meal approach of recent years.<br><br>A new and more comprehensive approach is needed to address the issues that trouble Singaporeans such as influx of foreign workers, over-crowding and high cost of living. We should not just be obsessed with high GDP growth with little regard for the resultant adverse consequences on society and Singaporeans.<br><br>The benefits of economic growth have not been shared by all, rather some have benefitted greatly at the expense of others and this has divided the nation. To play a unifying role, the President need to engage the Government in coming up with an economic philosophy that puts the happiness of all Singaporeans at the heart of its policies.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">My Promise as President</span><br>This is what I promise to Singaporeans if I am elected President.<br>I will encourage the Government not to pursue high GDP growth at the expense of ordinary Singaporeans.<br>I will not hold back resources including the national reserves from the Government<br>........if they need to use them to achieve stable economic growth with a fair distribution of benefits for all Singaporeans,<br>........and to pursue measures that will ensure that Singaporeans are competing on an equal footing with foreigners,<br>.......that adequate resources are put aside to meet the educational and career aspirations of young Singaporeans,<br>.......that families are helped to cope with rising costs in all areas,<br>.......that enough is done for the healthcare needs of all particularly the elderly,<br>.......that generous assistance is given to families to bring up their children particularly those with special needs, and<br>........last but not least, that your CPF savings are well-protected so that you have enough to live a happy retirement.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Heart of the Nation</span><br>These matters should rightly be left to the Government to deal with but the input of a caring President will help the Government come out with more compassionate solutions. We have reached a point where the President needs to help heal the social division and unify the nation.<br><br>If elected President, I will step in with good intention and a good heart. I will work with the Government to achieve a better society for all.<br><br>My fellow Singaporeans, this is my mission. But I can only do it with your help.<br><br>Let us set our hearts to do it. Together we can. I shall be your voice and the heart of the nation.<br><br>Thank you. </font> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-51698278374920440142011-08-07T23:40:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.723-07:00Singapore National Day Parade (NDP) Theme Songs 2011 to 1984 <br><object height="385" width="480"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="never"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/p/F3BFD8D17DAD79CF?version=3&hl=en_GB&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><embed allowscriptaccess="never" src="http://www.youtube.com/p/F3BFD8D17DAD79CF?version=3&hl=en_GB&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="480"></object> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-23488087408418762432011-07-13T23:24:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.714-07:00The Non-obvious Impact of Spoiled Votes Many don't realised this but when they choose to spoil or void their vote, there is actually an impact, ie. allowing those in the lead to be the winner.<br><br><span class="insertedphoto"><a href="/photos/hi-res/4/87"><img class="alignleft" src="http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/1/photos/4/300x300/87/Impact-of-Spoiled-Votes-2.gif?et=QJp2,YLSqf9ZOilfuP8peQ&nmid=438549980" border="0"></a></span> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-82525609188658345122011-07-05T21:01:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.736-07:00Constitution Of The Republic Of Singapore (source & pdf) <span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Source</span>: <a href="http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-const">http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-const</a><br> <span style="font-weight: bold;"><br> 2. Compilation in a single PDF file</span>: <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/cjl6b2vme526z6e/2011-Constitution%20Of%20The%20Republic%20Of%20Singapore.pdf">http://www.mediafire.com/file/cjl6b2vme526z6e/2011-Constitution%20Of%20The%20Republic%20Of%20Singapore.pdf</a><br><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/cjl6b2vme526z6e/2011-Constitution%20Of%20The%20Republic%20Of%20Singapore.pdf"><span class="insertedphoto"><img class="alignleft" src="http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/1/photos/4/300x300/78/CoverPage-Constitution-Of-The-Republic-Of-Singapore.jpg?et=wg7YdYhcT6LCXlLc8sRmkQ&nmid=438549980" border="0"></span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-43426597071259258312011-07-02T02:17:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.719-07:00Tan Kin Lian CV 2007, Annotated<a href='http://www.mediafire.com/file/e35igj9829apoy0/TKL-CV2007_Annotated.pdf'>http://www.mediafire.com/file/e35igj9829apoy0/TKL-CV2007_Annotated.pdf</a><br>Source of lead: <a href="http://bit.ly/mjFY4d">http://bit.ly/mjFY4d</a><div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-34083723809830144942011-06-30T21:39:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.718-07:00The PAP cadre system Straits Times April 4, 1998<br><br>Most Singaporeans are familiar with the outward trappings of the PAP, but very few are aware of what goes on in its inner sanctum. KOH BUCK SONG lifts the veil on the cadre system and lesser known activities of the 10,000-strong ruling party.<br><br>THE People's Action Party has more than 1000 cadres, whose only distinction for being recognised as stalwarts is the right to vote in the party's top leadership every two years.<br><br>Although this right may be seen by some as a privilege, there are no other perks that set cadres apart from the ordinary members of Singapore's most successful political party.<br><br>Disclosing this to Insight, the party's second assistant secretary-general, Mr Wong Kan Seng, notes that grassroots leaders receive benefits such as housing and school admission priority and some limited carparking perks in Housing Board estates, but PAP cadres and members get nothing.<br><br>It may be hard to believe in today's world, in which material rewards for any kind of service are a norm, but cadres are accorded no tangible appreciation, not even a thank-you dinner.<br><br>As a mark of their commitment to the party's philosophy and aims, they are promoted into an inner circle. But other than their being invited to elections for the party's central executive committee, no one can tell a cadre apart from other members.<br><br>The party, formed in 1954 and in power since 1959, has had cadres since the 1950s, when confining the power of electing party leaders to a select group was seen as a way to stop communist infiltration.<br><br>Mr Wong, who is Home Affairs Minister, says the party has always been open about its cadres. "Every other year, we have an ordinary party conference attended by them, so where is the secrecy?"<br><br>But the fact is that the number of cadres has never been disclosed. The party headquarters considers it "privileged information". The register of cadres remains confidential.<br><br>Earlier estimations had hovered around a few hundred. Mr Wong says the total has been growing steadily over the years.<br><br>Former MPs are surprised when told of the 1000-odd figure. Even serving MPs are not all aware of the total, nor have they seen the cadre register.<br><br>The cadre system has always been veiled in secrecy. Those connected to the party clam up whenever the subject is broached, referring the curious to the party's HQ executive committee chairman, Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, or the vice-chairman, Mr Wong.<br><br>Mr Wong says the party does not instruct its cadres to keep their identities secret. On their reluctance to be identified, he says: "Of course, the person will not want to boast about it."<br><br>The party does not want to create a sense of hierarchy, he adds. Not every member clad in all-white is a cadre, or needs to be one.<br><br>A former MP observes: "It is Singapore culture. If you start claiming things, people start looking askance at you." Some might also want to guard the sense of mystique, he adds. "The less seen, the more to be wondered at."<br><br>On the lack of privileges for cadres, he notes that being elevated to a higher status is equated with something prestigious. "You know you are among the elite, the trusted few. People are quite happy when told they have become cadres."<br><br>Mr Wong believes that most people join the party because they support, and want to contribute to, a party that has served the nation well.<br><br>Agreeing, Mr Mah Guan Lin, 62, assistant director of the PAP HQ in New Upper Changi Road, who has been a party member for about 16 years, confirms that members enjoy no incentives or preferences of any kind.<br><br>So why join? He explains: "We join because we know this is a good system that we want to protect. Through our dialogue with MPs, we understand things better and get a chance to find out more, that's the only advantage."<br><br>Like other senior PAP members, Mr Mah is tight-lipped about whether he is a cadre, but as he is one of the few non-MPs to sit on the party's sub-committees, there can be little doubt that he is one.<br><br>A cadre is nominated by his MP from among the outstanding activists in his branch. About 100 candidates are put up each year. Selection is done by three interview panels of four or five ministers and MPs each. The spread of backgrounds covers age, race, language and religion, ground feel and educational qualification.<br><br>Aside from the cadre system, the party's other aspects are not so mysterious.<br><br>The only exception is the central executive committee (CEC), the pinnacle of party leaders elected at party ordinary conferences by the cadres. The next conference will be at the end of this year or early next year.<br><br>The present 16-member CEC is headed by the secretary-general, Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The chairman is Deputy Prime Minister Tony Tan and the vice-chairman, Law and Foreign Affairs Minister S. Jayakumar. The other members are all Cabinet ministers except Senior Minister of State (Education and Health) Aline Wong, Ayer Rajah MP Tan Cheng Bock and former MP Ch'ng Jit Koon.<br><br>In her 1971 political science thesis, Singapore's People's Action Party: Its History, Organisation and Leadership (Oxford University Press), Ms Pang Cheng Lian, now roving ambassador to Italy and Switzerland, describes the CEC voting as a "closed system", in which "the cardinals appoint the pope and the pope appoints the cardinals".<br><br>Mr Wong says this practice is to make the CEC election manageable, by restricting it to a smaller number of senior party members, out of the more than 10,000 ordinary members.<br><br>He points out that the candidate list for the incoming CEC is not drawn up only by the outgoing committee, but also voted on by all MPs.<br><br>On the CEC's functions, he discloses that meetings are held just before Cabinet meetings, a few times a year, as and when there are issues to discuss, such as the agenda for upcoming party meetings.<br><br>The next-lower level committee, the HQ exco, formed more than 10 years ago, looks after the party's administration. Party accounts, circulars, reports and other matters are handled by fewer than 10 full-time staff at the largely functional party HQ building.<br><br>The exco also oversees nine sub-committees on appointments, constituency relations, education, information, PAP awards, political education, publicity and publications, social and recreational, and Malay affairs.<br><br>Other matters include feedback on national issues through informal networks of the party branches in all 83 constituencies.<br><br>About 1000 new members were approved in each of the last two years. But the party is no hurry to add to that number.<br><br>A prospective new member who has ulterior motives of seeking business gains from the "guanxi" of political affiliation can find his membership application "deferred". Some have been asked to go away and chalk up more community work before applying again later.<br><br>The care taken over who are accepted even as ordinary members would seem to be justified. A former MP recalls that in the 1970s, there were members he "would not touch with a barge pole". One member, for instance, tried to use his party connections to help his relative, a secret society member, get out of jail.<br><br>When it comes to mobilising the ground for a general election, the party can supplement its 10,000-strong membership with some 500 volunteers per branch, mainly friends and relatives of members.<br><br>The PAP runs about 300 kindergartens in the 83 wards, under the PAP Community Foundation, a charitable institution set up in the 1980s with a separate set-up chaired by Dr Tony Tan.<br><br>Political education talks, held about five times a year, are usually given by a minister or at least a parliamentary secretary, on subjects such as health, education and foreign affairs.<br><br>Held on Sunday mornings, the talks have a typical audience of about 800, comprising party members nominated by party branches and guests invited by MPs.<br><br>The party's main source of funds, Mr Wong reveals, comes from the $650 to $1000 deducted from MPs' allowances every month. Office-holders contribute more. Contributions also flow in from donors and well-wishers.<br><br>Each party branch, which has about 100 members and its own sub-committees looking after different areas, also has its own Young PAP and Women's Wing branches.<br><br>The roles and leaders of these two branches of the party are known publicly. YP, chaired by Information and the Arts Minister George Yeo and catering to the young, has its unique functions such as a policy studies group and Internet group.<br><br>The YP has an Internet website, but the party has no plans to start a main website, believing its party organ Petir and other communications channels to be adequate.<br><br>The Women's Wing, chaired by Dr Aline Wong, looks at particular concerns such as women's and family issues.<br><br>There has been some debate whether the PAP is a cadre party tending towards authoritarian control or a mass party with more devolution of power. Ms Pang, for one, raises the question in her thesis: "Is the PAP a cadre party masquerading as a mass party?".<br><br>The present party structure would suggest that, to all intents and purposes, the ground operations are largely autonomous, with the MPs deciding, for instance, whether or not to interview applicants for ordinary party membership.<br><br>And since the only thing that makes a cadre special is the right to vote, the day-to-day functions of the party are more democratic than some might imagine.<br><br>Published in the Straits Times. April 4, 1998 <br><br>Original source (link is down now): <cite>www.singapore-window.org/80404st1.htm</cite><span class="gl"> </span><span class="gl"></span> <br>Mirror: http://is.gd/kNQMm0<br><div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-54283840582200513532011-06-27T22:26:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.725-07:00A Few Good Men: Tan Cheng Bock & Ong Teng Cheong <div style="text-align: justify;"> <a href="/photos/hi-res/4/55"><span class="insertedphoto"><a href="/photos/hi-res/4/55"><img style="width: 458px;height: 334px;" class="alignleft" src="http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/1/photos/4/300x300/55/TCB-and-OTC.jpg?et=oZ0v2pVqQQSXsDFhHbZbxw&nmid=438549980" border="0"></a></span></a></div> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-10827892373164712102011-05-12T08:39:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.710-07:00Temptations of NCMP: Theory, Reality & Self Interest <b><font size="3"><font color="blue">Before GE2011, almost all opposition candidates spoke ills of the NCMP scheme</font></font></b><br> <br> 1. "In his parliamentary debate, J.B. Jeyaretnam of the Workers Party (WP) said that he felt NCMPs were in fact 2nd class MPs as they had limited voting powers and could not vote on key issues such as budgetary and supply bills, constitutional amendments or cast a “no confidence” vote against the government. The legitimacy of the NCMP office would also be in question: who does the partisan NCMP represent? Prof Thio Li-Ann felt that the “presence of the NCMPs does not seem to go beyond the decorative, nothing more than sparring partners for the untested younger PAP generation.” <br> Another argument from the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) leader <b>Chiam See Tong</b> was that the scheme <b>could potentially undermine the rationale of having a mandatory opposing voice on the Parliament</b>. Having the NCMP scheme would reassure the public that despite not voting in any opposition member into Parliament, there would still be an opposing voice. This could discourage voters from voting for the opposition as they know that the NCMP scheme would still ensure that there are watchdogs in Parliament that would keep the ruling party in check. Another argument articulated was that the scheme seemed to be implemented purely for the sake of the presence of an opposition in Parliament. It was implemented to show that the PAP, while being the ruling party in Singapore, is not inimical to criticism and the Opposition at large. <b>The opposition also claimed to be a ploy to discourage the electorate from voting into parliament a ‘genuine’ opposition with both the power-base and responsibilities that come with representing a constituency</b>."<br> <a href="http://www.nuspa.org/cms/?q=node/105" target="_blank">16 Jul 2010: http://www.nuspa.org/cms/?q=node/105</a><br> <br> 2. "...Speaking to reporters at his Meet-the-People session in Hougang, Mr <b>Low said that an NCMP role does not give “muscle and real grassroots grounding” to mount a serious challenge to the People’s Action Party (PAP)</b>.<br> <b>Said Mr Low: “It’s just rootless … You don’t represent anyone, you don’t have a constituency to run.”</b><br> Whereas, with a constituency, an Opposition party can enlarge its influence and grow, he added.<br> <b>Mr Low also described the NCMP system as “a reflection of the guilty conscience of the PAP”.</b><br> <b>“The GRC system has allowed the PAP to gerrymander in a big way in the redrawing of boundaries process … perhaps the PAP feels that it is too much for Opposition to continue to survive,”</b> said Mr Low, <b>“And they have to reduce it and provide some token of mechanism which will allow the Opposition to survive and to continue to show that we are a democracy.”</b><br> <a href="http://www.temasekreview.net/2011/03/29/low-thia-kiang-its-mp-or-nothing" target="_blank">29 Mar 2011: http://www.temasekreview.net/2011/03/29/low-thia-kiang-its-mp-or-nothing</a><br> <br> 3. "WP's Sylvia Lim comments on NCMP system<br>:<br>:<br><span id="advenueINTEXT" name="advenueINTEXT"><span>"<span style="font-weight: bold;">Nobody fights elections to be an NCMP</span>," she said."</span></span><br>13 Apr 2011: <a href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1122604/1/.html">http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1122604/1/.html</a><br> <br><br> <b><font size="3"><font color="blue">After GE2011, this is what the opposition candidates/parties position:<br> </font></font></b><br> 4. "SINGAPORE: <b>The Singapore People's Party's central executive committee has given approval to Mrs Lina Chiam to take up the Non-Constituency MP seat</b> in Parliament.<br> :<br> :<br> The SPP said <b>it hopes to bring the voice and concerns of all Singaporeans to Parliament through Mrs Chiam</b>, in addition to that of voters in Potong Pasir, Hong Kah North and Bishan-Toa Payoh.<br> Mrs Chiam said she is <b>accepting the offer to comply with the wishes of the residents of Potong Pasir</b> and also due to the narrow margin win by the PAP.<br> She said she <b>promises to represent and speak up for the common Singaporean</b>, and <b>hold the PAP government publicly accountable to the people</b>.<br> And she will be actively collaborating with SPP's Policy Working Group, <b>to continue "the fight for democracy, justice and equality for all Singaporeans."</b><br> <b>The party said it believes that this NCMP post is<font size="3"><font color="red"> critical </font></font>for it to ensure one other additional alternative party voice in Parliament, to stay engaged with national issues through Parliamentary debates, and to remain publicly visible in the eyes of all Singaporeans for the next five years.</b>"<br> <a href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128423/1/.html" target="_blank">12 May 2011: </a><a href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128639/1/.html">http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128639/1/.html</a><br> <br>5. "Workers' Party names Yee Jenn Jong, Gerald Giam for NCMP seats<br>:<br><span id="advenueINTEXT" name="advenueINTEXT"><span>Mr Yee said: "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Many residents have asked me to continue to champion certain national issues for them in the parliament. So I hope to be able to use the NCMP position to raise some of these issues</span>. My area of expertise will be in entrepreneurship, small and medium enterprise and education.<br></span></span>:<br>:<br><span id="advenueINTEXT" name="advenueINTEXT"><span>Party <span style="font-weight: bold;">Chairman Sylvia Lim</span> said after much deliberation, the Central Executive Committee <span style="font-weight: bold;">has decided to accept the two NCMP seats available to it</span>."</span></span> <br>13 May 2011: <a href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128423/1/.html" target="_blank">http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1128423/1/.html</a><br>: <a href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1122604/1/.html"></a><br><br>6. "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Not given NCMP seat, so Eric Tan quits</span> Workers' Party<br>:<br>"<span style="font-weight: bold;">I wanted the NCMP post</span> so that I would be able to be the voice of the people." said Mr Tan"<br>13 May 2011: <a href="http://www.todayonline.com/Hotnews/EDC110513-0000339/Not-given-NCMP-seat,-so-Eric-Tan-quits-Workers-Party">http://www.todayonline.com/Hotnews/EDC110513-0000339/Not-given-NCMP-seat,-so-Eric-Tan-quits-Workers-Party</a><br><br>7. A rare glimpse to the insides of a NCMP nomination (courtesy of WikiLeaksSG)<br><span class="insertedphoto"><a href="http://sensesg.multiply.com/photos/hi-res/4/229"><img class="alignleft" src="http://images.sensesg.multiply.com/image/1/photos/4/300x300/229/2011-WP-NCMP-Balloting.png?et=X3DFAU0RdKH1vASfQe3MGg&nmid=438549980" border="0"></a></span><br> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-54206754291200373102011-05-06T06:53:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.724-07:00GE2011: Solving PAP vs Nicole Dilemma <div><b>Target Audience: MParade voters</b></div><div><br></div><div><b>Reality</b>: NSP's battle vs PAP in MParade is pretty clear to many of us who choose to be sensible, PAP is simply too strong for NSP to beat them. As such, <b>a realistic assumption here is that MParade will go to the PAP</b>.</div><div><br></div><div>With that uncertainty out of the way. Votes still matter, because Nicole/Cheo still have the 2nd chance to break into the parliament if NSP can garnered sufficient votes relative to the other GRCs/SMCs. It is plain stupidity/egoistic to choose either IN (as an MP) or OUT (as a bystander on the street) - just look at what Sylvia has achieved for the Opposition as a NCMP 2006-2011, she may well be a MP this time round.</div><div><ul><li>Case 1. There is no dilemma for diehard pro-PAP voters, their choice is naturally PAP,</li><li>Case 2. There is also no dilemma for diehard anti-PAP or pro-Opposition voters, their choice would be NSP,</li><li>Case 3. Those who are neutral or couldn't-care less or anti-both camps would likely spoil their votes,</li><li>Case 4. There exist a dilemma for MParade voters who are pro PAP but they like Nicole's performance so far.</li></ul></div><div>Proposed solution to Case 4 dilemma: Since the total number of votes in MParade will largely goes to the PAP, those who are pro-PAP but wants to give Nicole a chance in the parliament by voting for them, so that they stand a chance as an NCMP.</div><div><br></div><div>A visualisation of the above analysis and solution to case 4 dilemma in a 2x2 quadrant is as follows:</div><div><span class="insertedphoto"><a href="/photos/hi-res/4/44"><img src="http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/1/photos/4/300x300/44/GE2011-SolvingPvNdilemma.gif?et=FR9HERyOYx3dxx+wLsEp1w&nmid=438549980" border="0"></a></span></div><div>For those voters belonging to case 4, we now have the <b>best of both worlds</b>,</div><div>(a) GCT & team get to stay put and served as our MPs for MParade GRC, and</div><div>(b) Nicole gets into the Parliament in 2011 as a NCMP*, and with 5 years of parliamentary experience; to have a higher chance of being a MP (SMC or GRC) come GE2016.</div><div><br></div><div>For all your consideration. Q.E.D.</div><div><br></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="2">* GMS, choose Cheo if you want a mega outcry</font></div> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-60956727535795172582011-05-04T08:14:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.728-07:00Is my vote really secret?<center><a href='http://sensesg.multiply.com/video/item/36/Is-my-vote-really-secret'><img src=http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/2/photos/upload/600x600/TcFs9QooCIUAACD3cus5/cover.jpg?et=w1uwLfcgB9sJAmlXR2jH3g&nmid=0 border='0' width='100%'></a></center><br><br><br>source: <a href="http://is.gd/vote2011">http://is.gd/vote2011</a>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-71246668449402907032011-05-02T00:07:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.733-07:0028 Apr 2011: Nicole Seah at her first NSP Rally (HD)<center><a href='http://sensesg.multiply.com/video/item/28/28-Apr-2011-Nicole-Seah-at-her-first-NSP-Rally-HD'><img src=http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/2/photos/upload/600x600/Tb5YEwooCIUAAE0OEDg5/cover.jpg?et=DmkptVd51G4stt60LRCzoA&nmid=0 border='0' width='100%'></a></center><br><br><br>source: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMgr67gh2Qo">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMgr67gh2Qo</a>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-4914216611474324822011-05-01T23:53:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.722-07:00Tan Jee Say: Creating Jobs and Enterprise in a New Singapore Economy -Ideas for Change (15 Feb 2011) <font class="Apple-style-span" size="2">Full pdf source: http://www.mediafire.com/?bg0r9b6fbbf829c</font><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 19px;"><br></span> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:176.5pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:440.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="235"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:176.5pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:440.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><u><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;color: black;">About the author </span></u><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:476.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="line-height:22.55pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 454.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:476.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3">Tan Jee Say was with the Ministry of Trade and Industry from 1979 to 1985 where he headed economic and manpower planning and also served as secretary to the late Dr Albert Winsemius, the economic adviser to the Singapore Government. From 1985-1990, he was principal private secretary to Mr Goh Chok Tong. In 1990, he went into investment banking and subsequently took up fund management. He is a Chartered Fellow of the Chartered Institute for Securities & Investment. He is a graduate of Oxford University where he read philosophy, politics and economics. <o:p></o:p></font></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:145.35pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:720.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="194"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:145.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:720.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><u>15 February 2011 </u></b><o:p></o:p></font></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:255.3pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM10" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 255.3pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 111, 192);"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3">"As the former Head of University College, Oxford University, where Tan Jee Say was a student, I am happy to commend his essay "Creating Jobs and Enterprise in a New Singapore Economy -Ideas for Change". I am not an expert on the Singapore economy but I was Private Secretary to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Head of the British Civil Service in the 1980s and 1990s when the UK was making the painful transition from a predominantly manufacturing and mining economy to a knowledge-based one. Against that background, I find Jee Say's analysis and prescription persuasive. It seems to me a thorough and well-argued piece of work and as such it deserves the attention of policy-makers." <o:p></o:p></font></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:5.7in;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:489.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="547"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:5.7in;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:489.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 111, 192);">Lord Butler of Brockwell</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 111, 192);">, KG, GCB, CVO, PC, Cabinet Secretary and Head of British Civil Service (1988-1998), Master, University College, Oxford University (1998-2008). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:111.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:262.7pt;mso-element-top:71.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <br><br><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="149"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"><p class="CM11" align="center" style="text-align:center;page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:111.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:262.7pt;mso-element-top:71.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria,Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria,Bold";color:black;">CONTENTS </span></u></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria,Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Cambria,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><br> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:465.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:97.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="620"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:465.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:97.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">Part 1 : What's Wrong with the current Singapore growth model? </span></u></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">4 </span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:433.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="578"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="line-height:22.8pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 433.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">1 The Role of Manufacturing 5 2 The Productivity Bogey 6 3 GDP, Employment and Manufacturing 7 4 Unsustainabilty of Manufacturing -Land and Labour constraints 9 5 Economic Distortions 10 </span><b><u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Part 2 : A National Regeneration Plan </span></u></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">13 </span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">6 The Wrong Kind of Bet 13 7 Getting it Right -a Knowledge-based Regional Services Hub 15 8 The Port 15 9 Transport Hub 16 10 Financial Centre 17 11 Education 20 12 Healthcare 22 13 Creative Industries & Enterprise Regeneration 24 14 Manufacturing Re-visited & Industry Regeneration 26 15 Community Regeneration 26 16 Family Regeneration 28 17 Government Budget Surpluses 30 18 Temasek Regeneration 30 </span><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">Part 3 : Improving Singaporeans' Standard of Living </span></u></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">31 </span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">19 Minimum Wage 31 20 Workfare and Profits 33 21 Income Inequality -when growth stops trickling down 34 22 Cost of Living and Government Budget Surpluses 35 23 Concluding Remarks -Solid Base for a Sustainable Future 36 </span><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">Part 4 : Summary of Main Issues </span></u></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">37 24 Footnotes 44 <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:432.3pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="576"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 432.3pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><b><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Creating Jobs and Enterprise in a New Singapore Economy </span></u></b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:170.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:104.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="227"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:170.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:104.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><b><u><span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">-Ideas for Change </span></u></b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:129.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:136.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="172"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM12" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:129.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:136.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">by Tan Jee Say <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:419.3pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:195.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="559"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:419.3pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:195.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">PART 1 : What's wrong with the current Singapore growth model? </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:436.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:225.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="582"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.8pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 436.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:225.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The extremely strong rebound of the Singapore economy from a decline of 1.3% in the 2009 Gross Domestic Product to an expected growth of 14.7% in 2010 illustrates 3 key features about the economy : <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:294.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:294.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:294.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="596"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:294.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">1. the dominant role of manufacturing which grew 29.7% during the year and the lop-sided nature of the sharp turnaround in output which occurred mainly in biomedical (49.8%), precision engineering (40.1%) and electronics (35.5%) while the rest of manufacturing went through challenging times; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:294.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.35pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:383.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:383.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">2. the continuing heavy dependence on foreign labour who took up 58,300 new jobs created, more than half of the total number of 112,500 new jobs created in the year; if PRs are included as foreigners who should rightly be so classified (instead of being lumped together with Singaporeans as "locals"), the proportion of new jobs that had gone to foreigners was likely to be as high as two thirds to three quarters assuming one third to half of the "locals" are PRs; thus expanding further the large pool of foreigners in Singapore who already account for more than a third of the total population; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:383.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:550.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:550.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">3. the promotion and emergence of the two casinos, euphemistically described as 'Integrated Resorts', as a key pillar of economic growth as it boosts tourism earnings in hotels, restaurants, shops, transport companies and related sectors, turning it into a major contributor to the GDP. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="Default"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:444.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:638.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="592"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:444.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:638.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Economic planners expect the superfast pace of economic recovery to moderate to 4 to 6 per cent growth in 2011. The key question is whether economic growth, even at moderate levels, can be sustained by the apparent "saviours" mentioned above beyond the next 2 to 3 years. If so, what does it entail and are they feasible or desirable from both an economic and social perspective? If not, is there an alternative path for the economy to grow on a <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="596"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">sustained basis that will provide not only sustainable jobs to Singaporeans but also create opportunities for enterprise? <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:196.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:121.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="261"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 196.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:121.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The Role of Manufacturing </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:150.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:150.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The central role of manufacturing has been a cornerstone of Singapore's economic policy in the last 50 years. It began as an experiment to solve the massive unemployment problem in the early 1960s with labour-intensive industries producing goods for the export markets in developed countries. Even when full employment was achieved in the late 1970s and industries began to experience chronic shortages of labour which had to be overcome by allowing foreign workers to be employed, manufacturing continued to be adopted as the engine of growth although the emphasis shifted to attracting high value-added, high tech and innovative industries. “Economic restructuring”, “new industrial age” were the new buzz words. Meaning serious business, the authorities leaned on the National Wages Council to increase wages across the board by 20% a year over 3 years in order to compel industries to reduce their dependence on labour by raising their productivity or to move into high value industries that could afford to pay the higher wages. Productivity improvement became a national obsession with the Government and a high-level productivity council was set up to drive it. Thirty years have passed since then. Have the results validated this economic strategy? Unfortunately, the same problems that we set out to solve 30 years ago namely high dependence on foreign workers and low labour productivity, are still bothering us. In fact, they have become worse – foreigners now totalled <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:543.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:543.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">1.8 million (including 533,000 permanent residents), accounting for 36% of the country’s population of 5 million compared to 9% in 1980. Many industries are now so dependent on foreign workers that they will simply not survive without them, the exact opposite of the policy objective of raising wages initiated 30 years ago to cut down use of unskilled foreign labour. Productivity suffered with sharp declines of -7.6% in 2008 and -3.9% in 2009; for the entire decade 2000-2009, when overall GDP grew 5%, productivity rose only 1%, meaning that increase in the number of workers was responsible for four-fifths of the GDP growth, hardly a desirable outcome as real wages of the bottom 20% of the workforce fell by -2% . <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:450.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:450.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">What went wrong? Obviously, something is fundamentally not right. Was it wrong policy or bad implementation? The Singapore government machinery has a long established reputation for efficiency, hence blame cannot be put on implementation. If anything, its “mindless efficiency” would quite naturally compound the effects of wrong policy. (The late Head of the Civil Service George Boggars used this descriptive term in a press interview soon after he retired from the service.) So what’s wrong with the Government’s economic policy for the last 30 years? In its report released on 1 February 2010, the Government-appointed Economic Strategies Committee (ESC) did not find anything wrong with policy; instead it recommended retaining the manufacturing sector at 20 to 25 per cent of the economy, continuing with the policy of making it an important engine of growth with “high value and complex manufacturing” that “generates good jobs” and “stimulates demand for sophisticated services”. [1] <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:175.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="234"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 175.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The Productivity Bogey </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">What the ESC did find wrong was the fact of declining labour productivity in the last decade. However it side-stepped the issues that caused this productivity decline and immediately proclaimed a shift to productivity-driven growth that will require “major new investments in the skills, expertise and innovative capabilities of our people and businesses over the next decade”, suggesting therefore that the fault lay with inadequacies in our people and not with policy or strategy. If this were true, the proposed solution of spending billions of dollars on huge investments to raise productivity would make sense. But was it? A leading US labour economist studied the productivity issue recently and concluded that "there has been no secular decline in Singapore's productivity" and that "Singapore's low productivity in the last few years reflects more a statistical than any real phenomenon". [2] Productivity is linked directly to GDP in a simple arithmetic way namely, GDP growth is the sum of productivity growth and growth in labour supply. He went on to say that "productivity fell because the economy slowed.....the economy slowing that has nothing to do with Singaporean productivity.......productivity decline is a business-cycle phenomenon and not an underlying problem with Singaporean productivity." These are strong words coming from an award-winning labour economist who was chairman of the US President's Council of Economic <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Advisers from 2006 to 2009. Their veracity was attested to by economic figures for the first half of 2010 when GDP growth surged 18 % leading to a dramatic turnaround in labour productivity from -4 % in the previous year to about 15 % in the first two quarters. Yet the ESC went on and on to lament about how low Singapore’s labour productivity was compared to other countries in the manufacturing, services and construction sectors. The ESC could have put its time and resources to better and more effective use by examining why the economy has lost its vigour in recent years, has become more volatile and has been unable to generate growth and jobs on a sustained basis. Is our economic model still appropriate after more than forty years considering the dramatic changes that have taken place in the external environment and internal economic structure and dynamics of demographics, skill levels and expectations? Let us examine the changes in the economic structure and relationships. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:260.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="347"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 260.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">GDP, Employment and Manufacturing </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:450.85pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 450.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Two recent studies by economists in the Ministry of Trade and Industry shed light on the relationship between GDP growth, employment and manufacturing. [3] [4] Drawing from data and trends in the last four recessions in Singapore (1984/1985, 1998, 2001 and 2008/2009), they established the following key findings : <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:461.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="615"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:461.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:430.55pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:494.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="574"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:430.55pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:494.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(1) The Singapore economy has become more volatile in recent years. In their own words, “ Business cycle fluctuations appear to have become more pronounced, with Singapore experiencing three recessions (1998, 2001 and 2009) in the past 15 years, in contrast to only one recession (1985) between 1965 and 1995.” <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:430.55pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:494.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:434.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:602.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="579"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:434.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:602.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(2) Volatility has resulted in lower growth; however “the negative impact of volatility on growth in Singapore has been more limited than in many other countries.” (Empirical studies elsewhere have shown that the negative impact “is more moderate for economies that are at an advanced stage of development, with stable socio-economic conditions and good quality institutions.”) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:434.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:602.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:422.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:730.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="563"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM5" style="margin-right:11.1pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 422.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:730.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">(3) “....post 2000, a large part of the increase in volatility in Singapore has stemmed from the manufacturing sector,” largely due to the growing <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:371.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:111.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="495"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:11.1pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:39.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:19.8pt;page-break-before: always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:371.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:111.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">biomedical manufacturing, electronics and precision engineering clusters. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:429.35pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="572"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:429.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(4) “....the services sector on the whole has relatively low volatility, as a significant component of services cater to the domestic market and are not tradeable....international services such as financial services, and trade-related services such a wholesale and retail trade are more volatile than domestically oriented services.” <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:429.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:431.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:229.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="575"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:431.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:229.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(5) Job losses in the past two and a half decades have lasted for far longer periods than the typical few months of frictional unemployment in earlier years; sustained decline in employment stretched for more than 2 years during the 1984 and 2001 recessions, more than 1 year during the 1998 recession but only two quarters (half a year) during the 2008/2009 recession (the shorter period of job loss owed much to the $4.2 billion Jobs Credit Scheme, essentially a massive wage subsidy programme that was put in place shortly after the start of the recession in order to get employers to keep their workers). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:431.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:229.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:440.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:416.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="587"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:440.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:416.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(6) The employment decline occurred in most sectors but its severity varied; the manufacturing sector’s employment loss was greater and more volatile than other sectors, being 1.3 to 1.5 times overall employment loss. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:440.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:416.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:434.5pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:504.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="579"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:434.5pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:504.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(7) Construction tended to account for more than half of the employment decline; this was true in the three earlier recessions (1984, 1998 and 2001), but in the 2008/2009 recession, construction added 13,000 jobs over the course of the two quarters of a general decline in employment, largely because of the accelerated building of the two massive Integrated Resorts. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:434.5pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:504.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:398.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:632.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="531"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:398.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:90.05pt;mso-element-top:632.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(8) The only sectors that saw an increase in jobs in all recessions were healthcare, education and public service. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="Default"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:711.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="594"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:711.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">What is the underlying message of these macro trends in GDP and employment? Undoubtedly the policy of openness exposed the economy to the economic swings of the external world. However it could not be openness <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri,Italic","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Italic";">per se </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">as volatility was dominant in some sectors but not in others. The services sector was fairly stable; construction was volatile but it accounted for only a small part of the economy. This left us with the manufacturing sector which accounted for about a quarter of national output directly but the percentage was higher if indirect effects on commerce, finance, transportation and professional services were included. It was a declared economic policy of the Government to make manufacturing the main engine of growth. It was hardly surprising then that the export-oriented manufacturing was a major contributor to the volatility of the economy particularly post-2000 as the MTI studies showed. One long-time researcher of the Singapore economy has pointed out that "despite attempts to mitigate the effects of these destabilizing fluctuations (namely increased output volatility and an amplification of business cycles) caused mainly by manufactured exports, the policy tools at the disposal of the government have been inadequate given the constraints Singapore faces as a small and open economy." [5] By affirming a continuation of the policy of making manufacturing a major pillar of economic growth, the ESC implicitly accepted the inevitability of the consequences of volatility in GDP and employment. Adopting this policy option does not make economic sense as it comes with enormous cost to the economy and is not sustainable in the medium to long term. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:409.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:474.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="546"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 409.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:474.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Unsustainability of Manufacturing -Land and Labour constraints </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:504.3pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:504.3pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Manufacturing requires land and labour in plentiful supply but Singapore is short in both. The most glaring example of industries that are intensive in the use of both land and labour, are the shipyards. They occupy large tracts of land and use up significant wharfage space which is valuable and could otherwise be converted to expand the port's operations particularly the lucrative container port operations. They also depend heavily on unskilled and lowskilled foreign workers as locals shun the hot and dirty work. They flourished in the early stage of Singapore's development in the 1970's, but by the early 1980's it was becoming clear that they were no longer sustainable. When recession hit in 1984/85, the marine industry went into sharp decline. Despondency set in and the shipyards were frequently talked about as sunset industries. There was strong suggestion that the two largest shipyards, Keppel and Sembawang, largely owned by the Government, should merge into one. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:444.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="593"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:444.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">But merger there was none as neither wanted to be absorbed by the other. Both carried on as before and survived the subsequent economic cycles with critical support provided by cheap foreign unskilled and low-skilled labour. So heavy was the dependence on cheap low-skilled foreign labour that three quarters of the workforce in both Keppel and Sembawang now comprise foreign workers i.e 15,000 out of a total workforce of 20,000.[6] The companies made huge profits and senior managers took home super bonuses of several millions of dollars in the recent oil and gas boom, but at what expense to economic restructuring and to society? Shouldn't a special tax be imposed on these companies and managers to compensate for the economic and social costs? The marine industries were not the only ones dependent on foreign labour for life support; others included electronics and precision engineering. Few companies if any in the manufacturing sector, can survive without foreign workers. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:165.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="220"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 165.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Economic Distortions </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:450.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:450.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Continuing demand by industries will result in land prices and wages shooting through the roof before long. Factory land and space is already subsidized by the state in order to attract investors to set up their operations in Singapore. Higher land prices will mean larger state subsidies which will distort the efficient allocation of scare land and deprive other economic sectors of their rightful share. Wages will escalate as labour is scarce unless more foreign workers from cheaper locations are brought in by the industries. But there are physical limitations to the allocation of more land or the importation of additional foreign workers; in the case of the latter, there are important social costs too which have now surfaced at an alarming rate in the form of crowded housing, over-crowded buses, trains and shopping malls, and strange, unfamiliar cultural and social habits. Social peace and harmony is being endangered and will reach breaking point if foreign workers continue to be imported at the rate of the last two to three years. Already the Government has given in to public pressure to slow down the influx of foreign workers and this will surely crimp the growth of manufacturing. There is another aspect of costs in the form of tax incentives doled out to manufacturing investors such as pioneer status (tax free for 10 years) and capital allowances. They represent <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:430.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="573"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:430.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">huge opportunity costs to the treasury and are an economic distortion that favoured manufacturing industries at the expense of the other sectors. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">The ESC tried to justify its preference for manufacturing by emphasizing that what it wants is high value and ‘complex’ manufacturing. Unfortunately there is nothing new or innovative about this approach. Thirty years ago when Singapore wanted to turn its back on labour-intensive industries, it switched gear and went after high value-added, high technology industries. The whole government machinery was organised and mobilized to ensure success of this new policy orientation or economic restructuring as it was touted then – highlevel ministerial promotion, extra-generous tax giveaways, preferential allocation of factory space, liberal immigration policy for professional and skilled labour, and stepped-up skills and productivity training with new and numerous skills training centres. What have these initiatives and efforts in the last thirty years shown for and led to? Success if any in achieving the stated objectives is patchy at best. Yes there was GDP growth and there were also some high technology industries in place; however most of this GDP growth came about not through technology or productivity but with abundant cheap workers from abroad, resulting in low productivity growth of 1 % in the last decade and depressed earnings for the workers, contrary to the aims of economic restructuring which were to achieve average productivity growth of 2-4% and high-paying jobs that can generate significant growth in earnings. Isn’t this serious shortfall in performance, despite concerted efforts in the last thirty years, a strong statement of the unsuitability of manufacturing industry as a major pillar of our economy in the next phase of its development? The ESC’s faith in complex manufacturing to boost productivity through innovation looks misplaced. In the view of Professor Dale Jorgenson, an economist and expert on productivity at Harvard, the ESC has a “somewhat antiquated view of the process of innovation, where Singapore has lagged substantially since 1995. R&D spending targets as proposed in its report, belong to ‘the Old Model for innovation’, and initiatives like tax credits for R&D do not produce any more innovation; it looks like an industrial policy which is generally a bad idea.” Recent experience in the US has shown that “the locus of innovation had shifted from IT-producing industries in manufacturing to IT-using industries in trade and services”. He calls for Singapore to look towards ‘the New Model’ which “requires a more holistic but ‘politically painful’ restructuring of <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">companies and industries”. [7] The shift out of manufacturing and into services is necessary for two other reasons, firstly, top students are no longer opting to read engineering in the local universities and polytechnics; in fact, the proportion of polytechnic applicants who chose engineering as their firstchoice course dropped by half from 30% in the year 2000 (4,800) to 15% (2,700) in 2005.[8] As a result, average admission grades are not demanding which do not augur well for the innovative potential of and prospects for complex manufacturing, and the gap will need to be filled by foreign engineering graduates -which begs the question why Singapore spends so much resources to promote the manufacturing sector to benefit largely foreigners at both the high skill and low skill levels; secondly, Singaporeans are generally happier working in the services sector than in manufacturing industry [9]; surely happiness at the workplace deserves its share of consideration in the pursuit of higher overall productivity of the workforce. (Britain will introduce a 'happiness' index in its quarterly household survey by measuring people's psychological and environmental wellbeing." Countries such as France and Canada are </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#323232;">looking at similar initiatives as governments around the world come under pressure to put less store on conventional economic measures of prosperity such as gross domestic product.... two Nobel economists, Joseph Stiglitz and Amartya Sen, (have) called on world leaders to move away from a purely economic concept of gross domestic product, which measures economic production, to wellbeing and sustainability." [10]) <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:200.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:516.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="267"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 200.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:516.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#323232;">Solid Logic, Not Passing Fad </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:#323232;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:547.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="595"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:547.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#323232;">The shift out of manufacturing into services is based on economic logic and is not a passing fad as suggested by the chairman of the ESC. [11] For Singapore, "the future lies in services'' as so cogently argued by economist Choy Keen Meng.[12] Singapore has little comparative or competitive advantage for manufacturing to flourish as land, labour and skills are in short supply. It is hard to share the ESC's optimism that the manufacturing sector would remain viable in Singapore "through a partnership between the private sector and Government" [11]; how? -through more subsidized factory land and space, uninterrupted inflow of cheap foreign labour, and generous tax holidays and other giveaways? Such economic distortions in the last thirty years have <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="597"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:#323232;">delayed Singapore's economic restructuring. We cannot afford and should not tolerate further wastage, not even for another year. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:261.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:121.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="349"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 261.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:121.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">PART 2 : A National Regeneration Plan </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:150.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 451.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:150.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The transformation of Singapore into a services economy will not happen overnight. It is not realistic or fair to expect manufacturing firms to switch out into other economic sectors or to move out to other countries immediately. Assistance should be extended wherever possible to help them adjust. (A later section will discuss and propose a unique financial assistance scheme as a key part of the overall new economic landscape.) While existing incentives (subsidized factory rental, favourable allocation of foreign worker quotas, tax concessions) already granted should be allowed to run their course, no new incentives should be given. Neither should these manufacturing firms be forced out. They should be allowed to remain in Singapore if they can continue to survive and be profitable like any other business enterprises without depending on special favours from any state agency such as rent subsidy, tax incentives or special allocation of foreign worker quotas. In charting new directions for the economy, resources should be harnessed and channelled into promoting and developing the services sector. Which particular services should we target? What should be our considerations? <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:169.3pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:475.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="226"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 169.3pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:475.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The wrong kind of bet </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:504.65pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:504.65pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">The two IR’s (or casinos) represent new and substantial investments in the services sector, accounting for more than US$10 billion sunk in, occupying expensive prime land and hiring thousands of foreign construction workers to rush through completion in record time. The casinos now employ tens of thousands of staff and generate huge revenue in the billions of dollars, making them a major contributor to the economy. It is touted as a major diversification into the services sector. Unfortunately, it is the wrong kind of industry for Singapore's long term good. Economic development is more than just about generating jobs and income growth. There is a moral purpose as well, otherwise we might as well turn Singapore into a prostitution hub or a distribution centre for drugs which will bring us untold riches. Economic development is about developing and using human capital to produce decent and worthwhile goods and services in a sustained way. On the other hand, <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">casinos are a soft option that preys on human weakness to generate profits. They destroy the work ethic and lead to broken families and other social problems. Early signs of social problems are slowly emerging. Hardly a year has passed, already the numbers of visitors to the casinos have far exceeded expectation. Nearly half of the 55,000 daily visitors are Singaporeans [13], way above the maximum 10% that was anticipated despite the levy of $100 per day imposed on local visitors. Singaporeans of all stratas of society (including retirees, housewives) have flocked to the gambling dens to try their luck. What has become a source of alarm is the increasing number of bankers, lawyers, accountants and other professionals and executives working in the nearby financial district (the so-called Shentonites, named after the famous Shenton Way where banks and securities houses concentrate) who flock to the casinos and crowd the gaming halls in the evening. Busloads of housewives and retirees have also been coming down from neighbouring Malaysia in free tours organised by the casinos. Each day, 30 buses and 500 private cars bring at least 3,200 Malaysians down to gamble in the casinos, losing an estimated $3 million a day or more than $1 billion a year. This has alarmed and enraged political and civic leaders in Malaysia, prompting calls for measures to end the free casino tours. [14] Problem is also coming from an unexpected source, that of foreign workers spending their days off at the casinos in large numbers ("they are easily lured to casinos as they enjoy free entry and free drinks in a comfortable air-conditioned place" [15] because they are not subject to the $100 levy which is designed to deter Singaporeans), and then blowing their meagre earnings at the gambling tables. "They are people who can least afford to gamble, having "chalked up loans in their home countries to come to work here" and "their impoverished families back home may be entirely dependent on their savings". When they become penniless, they will try to steal and rob and commit all kinds of crimes including violent ones in the streets, homes and offices of Singapore (although these have not happened in any noticeable way so far). Public safety will be compromised. The problem will get worse, not better. To sustain the contribution of the IR's to the economy, more casinos will need to be built when the moratorium on additional casinos expires in 10 years. Meanwhile the existing two casinos will put pressure on the authorities to allow them to stretch their capacity by adding more gaming tables. The authorities are likely to cave in as otherwise the IR's will not be able to grow <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">their operations and sustain their contributions to the economy. It will become more and more difficult to counter their adverse effects on the economy once the casinos' operations become entrenched in the economy. Better to stop them now before it is too late so that Singapore can part company, without much economic pain, with those who choose to prosper through vices such as gambling, prostitution or drugs; only then can Singaporeans once again walk tall and proud on the high and honourable path to economic development and prosperity. To make up for the economic loss from closing down the casinos, it is imperative that we move aggressively into the other services to promote and develop the desirable ones. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:372.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:278.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="497"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 372.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:278.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Getting it right -A knowledge-based regional services hub </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:457.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:307.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="610"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 457.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:307.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The most effective way of achieving results relatively fast is to start with what we are good at doing such as services involving the port, transport connectivity, financial institutions, education and healthcare. While we can be proud of having good basic infrastructure, there are still serious gaps to be filled particularly in education and healthcare. Once these holes are plugged, Singapore will have a fully developed infrastructure that will enable it not only to uplift the well-being and standard of living of its own citizens but also have additional capacity to serve the needs of the region. We should focus on the region for three reasons; firstly, unlike manufactured goods which are commoditized products targetted at developed markets in the US, Europe and Japan, most services are ‘consumed’ locally; secondly, the market in the region is huge with a population of more than half a billion in Southeast Asia alone that will provide insatiable demand for a long time to come, and thirdly, the quality and level of sophistication of services in some sectors such as finance, education and healthcare, have not yet reached the standards of First World global hubs in Europe and the USA. With our high level of education and international exposure, Singapore can build upon its basic strengths and experiences to become a vibrant and sustainable regional services hub that is knowledge-based and capable of offering creative and imaginative solutions. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:92.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:691.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="124"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 92.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:691.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The Port </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:438.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:720.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="585"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:438.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:720.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Let us start with the port where modern Singapore began and which continues to be the lifeline to this day. A deep –water harbour is its greatest <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="606"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">asset that allows ships to berth alongside the shore to load and unload cargo directly onto land for shipment to importers. It has facilitated containerization of the port and boosted its growth as more and more container berths were added. Expansion of the port will be constrained if land runs out for building berths. A lot of valuable shore land is currently occupied by shipyards which are not sustainable economic activities as they are highly dependent on cheap unskilled foreign workers ; they should therefore be cleared to make way for the more desirable, valuable and sustainable port operations. There is urgency in doing this as neighbouring ports are coming up and are seriously bidding for the same customers. There is also potential land available on the northern shore but its use by passing vessels is constrained by the causeway which prevents through passage by vessels from the South China Sea to the Malacca Straits and vice versa. We should support the proposal to replace the causeway with a bridge that will allow ships to pass through, thus unlocking the potential of the northern shore land for use by the port or as a logistics base for the offshore marine or oil and gas industry. It could also enhance the transhipment business if more smaller vessels are attracted to make greater use of the facilities. A port’s survival depends on its access to passing vessels , the greater the access the better its growth prospects. Opening up the Straits of Johor for through passage by marine vessels will increase access for them and improve the overall growth prospects of the port. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:125.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:494.45pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="167"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 125.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:494.45pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Transport hub </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:524.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="599"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:524.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Singapore has an excellent airport with efficient links to the outside world. However its links with land and sea ferry transport to bring passengers to their end destinations are weak. For this group of passengers, travel through Singapore is not a pleasant seamless experience. By contrast, the Hong Kong International Airport is directly linked to ferry terminals that bring alighting passengers from abroad to neighbouring cities such as Macau or Zhuhai. They could also board waiting coaches at the airport terminal that would take them directly to major cities in neighbouring Guangdong Province such as Guangzhou or Dongguan, or to Shenzhen, that are located hundreds of kilometres away. At Singapore's Changi International Airport , there are no direct links to ferry terminals that take passengers to the nearby Indonesian islands of Batam or Bintang; nor are there waiting coaches to take them to the <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:448.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="598"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:448.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">big towns in neighbouring Malaysia. Arriving passengers are very much left on their own to arrange connecting transport. To make matters worse, there isn't a proper terminal for long-distance coaches to Malaysian towns with coaches crowding narrow streets to wait for their fares. This lack of connectivity has to be made good quickly before we can proudly claim to be a truly world class transport hub. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:134.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="179"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 134.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Financial centre </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:457.85pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:229.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="610"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:457.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:229.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">After more than thirty years of strenuous effort, Singapore has built up a financial centre of some stature in the region. The resulting outcome, however, is unbalanced and is less than desirable considering the huge amount of national resources devoted to promoting it. Yes we are an established global foreign exchange trading hub, consistently among the world's top three in trading volume. But beyond this, there is really nothing to shout about. The capital markets are not significant by international standards. Both the debt and equity capital markets lack breadth and depth. The debt market is so tiny that one could be forgiven for thinking that it is non-existent. Recent attempts by Temasek Holdings, the state investment holding company, to create benchmark yields for bonds of different tenure ranging from 7 years to 30 years, were feeble at best. There was hardly any significant follow-up by the corporate sector. Similarly for the equity market, plans to enlarge capitalization by privatizing and listing more large state corporations on the Singapore Exchange (SGX), such as the port, airport and power entities, were deferred, thus setting back efforts to deepen and broaden the Exchange. Instead considerable resources were directed at getting foreign-based companies to list on the Exchange. The result has been less than satisfactory. Although a few large foreign companies do find their way to a Singapore listing, the vast majority who came are small companies from the People's Republic of China that would normally have difficulty qualifying for a public listing in their home exchanges. After an initial euphoria that sent stock prices climbing skyhigh, usually assisted by market operators, many of these companies invariably ended up as illiquid penny stocks that left small retail investors feeling cheated and losing their hard-earned savings. Worse several ended up having corporate governance issues and company funds misused or missing. This is hardly the <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:421.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="562"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:421.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">way to build a respectable and trustworthy equity capital market that can attract discerning investors. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 453.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Singapore wants to learn from the experiences of London and Zurich who have been able to develop into major international financial centres despite their small home market, unlike New York or Tokyo who depend mainly on domestic capital and investment products such as bonds and equity stocks.. With the socalled 'Lonrich model', Singapore hopes to leapfrog the domestic market and attract capital from abroad to park with Singapore-based financial institutions for investment management and advice. In the last few years, Singapore has been highly successful in attracting foreign funds particularly from Europe where tax-evading deposits by wealthy Americans have been hounded by the US Government. The key question is how long these foreign funds will stay or whether they are just hot money looking for temporary refuge. The answer lies in whether there are suitable investment products to get them to stay with or invested in Singapore. Singapore has never had a problem attracting liquid funds from the surrounding region, such is our reputation as a safe haven. But to be a true wealth management centre, we need to have a wide range of attractive investment products. To concentrate on attracting funds without expanding the suite of compelling investment opportunities, is like putting the cart before the horse. (In November 2010, a senior Government official revealed that there had been a net flow of funds out of Singapore even though substantial funds were flowing into the Asian region from the USA following the second round of quantitative easing by the US Federal Reserve Board.) [16] Otherwise the result will be runaway asset inflation particularly of real estate. Which brings us back to the problem of developing a strong capital market in Singapore. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:602.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:602.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">For the equity capital market, the solution is straightforward and capable of immediate implementation namely, to press ahead with privatization of major state corporations through a public listing and sale of shares, and to sell more shares of Government-linked companies (GLC's) already listed on the SGX so as to increase their liquidity at the same time. This will release tens of billions of dollars worth of investment opportunities; they will need to be phased out to prevent market indigestion. Outright sale of total Government holdings in non<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:432.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="576"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:432.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">strategic companies to private companies should be seriously considered in order not to crowd out private enterprise in a similar line of business. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.35pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 451.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The debt capital market is slightly more complicated. National development projects are usually financed by long dated bonds issued by governments. But in Singapore, the Government has easy access to long term funds in the Central Provident Fund (CFP) , a state pension fund where employees have their own individual account into which they make monthly contributions at prescribed rates. They can only withdraw their own savings when they reach the age of 55 minus a minimum amount which they have to keep in the CPF until a later age (currently fixed at 62) when they are allowed to withdraw a small monthly sum till they die. The CPF savings earn an interest rate of 2.5% on the Ordinary account (which can be used for housing and investment in stocks and shares) and a higher rate of 4% on the Special, Medisave and Retirement accounts which will expire by end December 2011 and then fall to 2.5%. These interest rates are too low for such long tenure that effectively stretches from 30 to 40 years. Bonds with similar tenure easily yield in excess of 4 or even 5 % in the current market. With the low rates offered on the compulsory CPF savings , the Government is not motivated to issue long dated bonds and this has held back the development of the bond market in Singapore. As the bond market should be a key component in the development of a robust financial centre, the Government should be made to issue long dated bonds offering attractive yields in excess of 4 or 5 % in which Singaporeans can invest with their CPF funds and private savings. They should also be open to all who are interested. This will help create a vibrant capital market. Safe Government bonds should be the only form of investment permitted for CPF savings. Allowing people to use their CPF money to invest in stocks and shares listed on the SGX is ‘unconscionable’ as it is like ‘sending lambs to the slaughterhouse’, a point made by retired top Mandarin Ngiam Tong Dow.[17] <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:661.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="593"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:661.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">In the past decade, banks in Singapore have been consolidated into just three big banking institutions on the rationale that scale of operations was critical and only the big banks will survive and prosper in the new global and regional landscape. Recent experience has not validated this view as none of the three banks has made their mark in the regional market. But the reverse is true as <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="599"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">the 2008-2009 financial meltdown has demonstrated that the super large financial institutions in the US and Europe magnified and globalized their mistakes, becoming “too big to fail” and required bailout by the state using hundreds of billions of dollars of taxpayers’ money. The consolidation of local banks into three big ones, while not achieving the stated objective of developing them into regional banks of any significance after more than ten years, did exact a price on local companies particularly the small and medium enterprises who have fewer banks to choose from and are at their mercy in terms of rates. This is not a healthy outcome and should be addressed without delay by issuing licences for more banks (perhaps five more) to operate and compete to serve local enterprises. There are more than enough experienced ex-bankers with the required expertise to help these new banks get off to a good start. Thousands of them are currently still under-employed after being laid off by the consolidation of local banks or restructuring of foreign banks. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:101.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="135"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 101.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Education </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 453.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Singapore's spending on education is low by international standards, recording a mere 3.5% of total GDP compared to over 5% in most developed societies of the First World such as the US, the UK, France and Canada. However as a proportion of total Government expenditure, it is not insignificant, accounting for about 20% of the national budget. A lot has been done to improve the education of the young. Massive resources have been mobilized. But the authorities have gone about doing it the wrong way. They miss a crucial link. The key to educating the young lies in giving personal attention to the child. No two children are the same. Each child is unique. Only personal attention can bring out the best in them. This requires smaller class size so that the teacher has fewer pupils to handle and thus can know his or her pupils intimately, identify their weaknesses and strengths correctly and help them accordingly. Unfortunately, the average class size in the schools has remained about the same as it was 30 to 40 years ago. (The class size is to be distinguished from the national pupil-teacher ratio which has declined over the years to 20 in primary and 16 in secondary schools. [18]) <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:263.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:710.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="351"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:263.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:710.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Smaller Class Size, Greater Personal Attention </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">In most schools in the mainstream, there are usually more than thirty pupils in each class, with some classes even exceeding forty. How low should it go down to in order to be effective in teaching the young? The ideal is a one to one ratio as in the tutorial system of Oxford and Cambridge colleges. But this is too expensive to maintain, even for Oxbridge. The National Academy of Early Childhood Programs in the US believed an ideal class size to be about one teacher to 12 pupils. In the Danish education system, the ratio goes to as low as one to ten. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:253.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:239.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="338"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 253.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:239.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Doubling Schools, Doubling Teachers </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:268.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 451.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:268.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">For a start, we could reduce the class size by half, to around 20 pupils per class with smaller class size for weaker pupils. This means doubling the existing resources, that is doubling the number of teachers and the number of classrooms. The actual requirements, however, will be less than double. Take the case of classrooms. Many schools have converted from running two sessions per day (morning and afternoon sessions) to single session in recent years, resulting in them being largely empty or under-utilized the rest of the day. They could be used for the additional classrooms needed. What is immediately available will fall short of what is ultimately required. Inevitably new generation-type school buildings will need to be built to provide the required smaller classrooms. This will take about two to three years to complete. Not all classes can convert to smaller size at the same time; they will have to be phased in, starting with classes preparing for critical examinations such as PSLE, 'O' and 'A' levels and gradually extending the conversion to the other years. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:448.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:573.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="598"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:448.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:573.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Similar considerations should also apply in the case of doubling the number of teachers from the current pool of 29,875 (excluding the tertiary institutions). We can get more teachers in the short term by postponing the retirement of existing teachers for a few years, and rehiring the recently retired ones. But we cannot avoid training new teachers to make up for the vast shortfall. More teacher training institutes are needed. An enormous job lies ahead in building a sufficient number of new generation-type schools and teacher training institutes to train another 30,000 teachers. There are currently about 354 schools. Vast funds are needed to double the number of schools. The average <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="594"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">cost of building a new school is about $20-30 million. A sum of $10 billion would be needed and should be allocated for this <u>Schools Regeneration Fund</u>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="595"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 446.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">There are at least another two major benefits from this Schools Regeneration project. By giving pupils more personal attention in school, the smaller class size will make it less necessary for them to seek private tuition outside school. This will save their parents a great deal of money. It has been estimated that parents in Singapore collectively spend several hundreds of millions of dollars a year on private tuition classes for their children. The smaller class size in school should not result in higher school fees for students. In fact, citizens should not be made to pay any school fees at all, all the way to university as the country can well afford this key investment in her own citizens. Private tutors should not fear loss of jobs as they can avail themselves of the many teaching positions that would open up with this Regeneration programme. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:448.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:347.1pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="597"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 448.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:347.1pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Singapore's status as an education hub for students from the surrounding region will get a boost from this Schools Regeneration which will result in a large pool of qualified teachers that will ultimately flow over to private educational institutions. This will add to the prestige of these private schools which have suffered a drop in numbers from the all-time high of 96,900 in 2008 to 91,500 in August 2010 mainly because of their difficulty in meeting stricter requirements on teachers' qualifications and certification of courses. With more qualified teachers, the private schools will then be well-positioned to achieve the target of 150,000 students, create 22,000 jobs and help to raise the education sector's contribution to GDP from 3% to 5%. [19] <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:106.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:553.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="142"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 106.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:553.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Healthcare </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:583.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:583.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Total expenditure on healthcare in Singapore has hovered around 3% of its GDP, below the average proportion of 5 % in low income and lower middle income countries i.e. the poor and developing countries. High income countries (of which Singapore is one of fifty countries classified as belonging to this category by the World Health Organisation or WHO) spend a much higher percentage of about 11%. The bulk of the expenditure in Singapore is borne by private individuals and organisations, and only about a third is accounted for by Government compared to the average figure of 61% in high income countries. [20] The extremely low expenditure by the Government vis-a-vis <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">other countries is a deliberate policy to get healthcare costs to be self-funded as much as possible by citizens through contributory schemes such as the Medisave and the Medishield, the latter being an insurance scheme. These schemes are usually not adequate to pay for the full costs and individuals invariably end up digging into their pocket, with these out-of-pocket expenses accounting for a significant proportion of total costs. The low Government health budget has resulted in over-crowding of public hospitals with newspaper reports of patients lying in beds along corridors of hospital wards. This over-crowding was relieved to some extent with the completion of a new 550-bed hospital (the Khoo Teck Puat Hospital) in 2010, the first major public hospital to be built by the Government in a very long while. Currently there are 32 hospital beds per 10,000 population, slightly more than half the average number of 58 beds in high income countries. Other indicators also show Singapore lagging far behind, for example, 17 doctors per 10,000 population compared to an average of 28 doctors in other high income countries, and 53 nurses and mid-wives versus their 81. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:359.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:396.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="479"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 359.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:396.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Doubling Hospital Beds, Doubling Healthcare Personnel </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:425.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="597"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:425.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">There is an urgent need to increase the number of hospital beds, doctors, nurses and other healthcare personnel to the levels of the high income countries in the First World so as to benchmark Singapore to the world's best. Not only do our citizens deserve this level of service, but it is what to expect from an aspiring world class medical hub. This means Singapore needs to roughly double the number of hospital beds, doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals. In 2009, there were 11,663 hospital beds in 29 hospitals and specialty centres, of which the 14 public hospitals and specialty centres accounted for 72.5% or 8,456. Adding the 550 beds from the recently completed Khoo Teck Puat Hospital raises the figure to 9,006.[21] A modern hospital in Singapore costs an average of $1.27 million per hospital bed to build (based on the cost of $700 million in building KTPH) , so the Government will need to spend $10 billion to double the number of hospital beds in public hospitals. There is scope for private hospitals to also double their number of beds by another 3,207 costing around $3.2 billion which should easily be within their means. The Government should allocate a sum of $10 billion in a <u>Hospitals Regeneration Fund </u>to double the number of public hospital beds in <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:433.35pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="578"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:433.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">the next 5 years or about 1,700 beds per year. The new hospitals should be spread out to the housing estates so as to facilitate easy public access. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 453.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The number of healthcare personnel has to increase substantially to man these beds, which means more doctors, nurses, support staff, laboratory technicians, physiotherapists etc. Their existing number is already far short of what is required to maintain standards as can be seen from the large number of complaints by patients and their families. Huge numbers of hospital staff have to be recruited from a diversity of foreign countries who often have difficulty in understanding the older Chinese dialect-speaking patients. To make up for the serious shortfall, universities and polytechnics must more than double their intake of medical and other healthcare students. There is no shortage of applicants wanting to enrol in these courses, especially for the medical school which has to turn away hundreds if not thousands of well qualified students every year and dash their hopes and lifelong ambitions of becoming doctors. As a result, scores if not hundreds of Singaporeans have to go to overseas universities to pursue their dreams at great financial cost to their families. Hundreds of millions of dollars would be saved if the intake into local institutions doubles. There is an even more critical shortage of specialist doctors, not because local doctors do not want to obtain further degrees or are not qualified enough to pursue them, but rather because of the ultra conservative attitudes of policy makers that favour small incremental growth in the number of specialist doctors. The restrictive practices must stop as they deprive patients of an extra layer of care and hamper the growth of our medical hub. To do catch up so as to enlarge the pool quickly, all general practitioners who qualify and want to become specialists but are denied places in the past particularly the younger ones, should be allowed to pursue further specialist degrees. Similar actions should be taken to increase the pool of higher specialist staff for all the other categories of healthcare personnel. This will prevent a severe shortage of qualified healthcare staff required to man the many new hospitals that are herein proposed to be built in the next few years, thus lessening the need to recruit them from abroad. Opportunities to upgrade their specialist skills should be given to existing Singaporeans first. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:263.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:720.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="352"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:263.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:720.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Creative industries & Enterprise Regeneration </span></u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">There is a growing industry outside the traditional services which is attracting the interest of the young. Usually referred to collectively as the creative industries, they are concerned with the generation and exploitation of knowledge and information. They are a key component of the knowledgebased economy. Examples of such economic activities are advertising, arts and craft, design, fashion, film, video and photography, software, computer games and electronic publishing, music and the visual and performing arts, publishing, television and radio. Individual creativity, skill and talent drive these activities which have great potential to create wealth and jobs by generating and exploiting intellectual property. These are the industries of the twenty-first century in which our well-educated and well-travelled young Singaporeans can find traction, do well and excel. We should use our resources to support and propel them onto the world stage. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:450.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:337.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:450.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:337.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">These industries usually involve a few individuals getting together to pursue their dreams of inventing something new that will improve the lifestyles of those who purchase their products or services. Many are likely to fail in their ventures but the few who succeed will make a vast difference to the lives of those they seek to change for the better. The latter should be helped. It will do well to remember that many of the huge corporations today began as tiny humble outfits only a few decades ago before they grew into giants, for example, Microsoft, Apple, Google and Facebook. We should encourage the young to strike out and try their hand in something inventive. Many of the young want to do so but are hampered, not by lack of ideas but by lack of funds. The Government can and should set up an <u>Enterprise Regeneration Fund </u>that is large enough to help thousands of such small enterprises. Each could be given a grant of up to $1 million to start off provided they are serious enough to commit not an insignificant sum themselves such as 20%. To ensure that the young entrepreneurs do not go off tangent, the Government can require them to include in their team an older experienced manager who can mentor and assist them in their business development. There are tens of thousands of such experienced PMET's (the so-called professionals, managers, executives and technicians) who are currently under-employed as a result of corporate restructuring in their previous companies. Their experience and talent could be put to good use under this Enterprise Regeneration Fund. To help thousands of these small entrepreneurial outfits who will each employ at <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.35pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">least two or three persons, a sum of $10 billion could be set aside for this Fund for disbursement in the next five years thus benefitting at least 10,000 outfits employing more than 20,000 to 30,000 staff. They will in turn generate business for hundreds if not thousands of small and medium size firms offering professional services such as accounting, corporate secretarial, legal and public relations advice. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:330.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="441"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 330.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Manufacturing Re-visited & Industry Regeneration </span></u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:457.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:229.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="610"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 457.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:229.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">In the new economy of services industries, existing entrepreneurs in the factories too have a place. They will not be abandoned. Those who want to shift into services will be helped with advice and funds if necessary and desired. Others who want to stay in manufacturing will be assisted to relocate outside Singapore. Preference should be given to those who want to move out to neighbouring countries particularly Malaysia and Indonesia. They will be welcome in these two countries particularly in Malaysia which wants the Iskandar region in the southern state of Johor just to the north of Singapore, to be Singapore's Shenzhen, the way Shenzhen complements Hong Kong by becoming the new home of factories that relocated from Hong Kong in the last thirty years. By staying close to Singapore, the manufacturing firms that relocated to neighbouring Johor rather than to faraway China or Vietnam, are more likely to make use of services provided by Singapore-based firms in banking, law, accounting, freight, logistics and other related services, thus enhancing Singapore's position as a regional services hub. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:450.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:533.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 450.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:533.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">In view of the large number of manufacturing firms involved in either relocating outside Singapore or shifting into services, a sizeable <u>Industry Regeneration Fund </u>of $10 billion should be set up to assist them in this transformational move. There will be residual manufacturing firms remaining in Singapore but they are likely to be those catering to the domestic market such as food processing. It would make sense for them to be relocated to residential heartlands rather than remain in isolated clusters away from where people live or go about their daily lives. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:190.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:701.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="254"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 190.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:701.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Community Regeneration </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:730.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:730.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">For the greater part of the last fifty years, town planning has been governed by the fundamental concept of zoning by which the country is divided up into <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">zones or districts based on use, be it industrial, commercial or residential. The rationale was simple and hard to dispute. Factories are noisy, dusty or dirty and should be located in outlying areas far away from population centres or commercial offices. Housing estates and schools for the children spread out into the suburbs while Government offices, banks, finance houses, accounting and legal offices, and businesses congregate in the city centre. Life is neat, tidy and efficient. But it has created problems in its wake. People have to travel long distances to get to work and then travel the same long distance to return home in the evening to be with their family. It was tolerable in the days when petrol was cheap and the roads were not so congested, making travel to be quite a breeze. These days, petrol is anything but cheap and roads are choked, resulting in long and expensive journeys. Hence the industrial zone loses its appeal to locals as a desirable place to work and foreigners have to be recruited to take their place. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 449.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Zoning is becoming an archaic concept these days. Except for a few specialised ones, today's industries are quiet and clean with pollution kept to a minimum, particularly more so when Singapore wants to shift out of manufacturing and go into services. They could easily comingle with other activities within housing estates. Instead of single use zones, we should convert every locality into a mixed use development that allows for residences and business offices and operations to be housed together. The Government can accelerate this development by building business parks in housing estates the same way JTC Corporation does for manufacturing industries in outlying areas. More Government departments should move out of the central core areas and also set up offices in the housing estates to provide jobs and services to the residents. With electronic communication over the internet being the norm these days, efficiency should not be adversely affected by having offices in separate locations physically far apart. There are several benefits from this initiative including : <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:431.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:661.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="576"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:431.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:661.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">1. Jobs will be brought closer to the people particularly housewives and the older folks who are still able and can be motivated to continue working and earn a good income to raise their standard of living; <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:431.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:661.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:730.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:730.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">2. These groups are currently under-employed as their time is mostly taken up with the family, leaving them with little time for fulltime jobs. They are quite <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:432.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="577"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:432.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri,Bold";color:black;">sizeable in number and can go a long way to solving our problem of labour shortages even with part time work, thus reducing the need for foreign workers. One particular industry that can be spread out into the various housing estates and make use of part time workers is the food producing, preparation and processing industry that is currently concentrated in a few enclaves such as Woodlands and Defu. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:433.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="578"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:433.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">3. By making available the place for providers and users of services to meet, less travel will be needed and this will reduce transport costs and result in speedy delivery of services. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:433.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:416.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:268.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="556"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:416.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:268.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">4. The time saved from travelling to the workplace in the neighbourhood instead of faraway offices, can be used for quality time with the family. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:416.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:268.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:317.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:317.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">5. Local communities will be rejuvenated and reinvigorated with a new burst of activity in the day instead of remaining as virtually deserted townships where only the elderly are seen and young children heard. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="Default"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 452.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:386.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">New land and buildings or structures will need to be put aside and developed to accommodate the new service industries moving into the heartlands. A <u>Community Regeneration Fund </u>of $10 billion should be set up for this purpose. Concessionary terms can be offered to entice businesses into setting up their operations in the heartlands <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:161.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:495.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="215"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 161.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:495.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Family Regeneration </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:524.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:524.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">The problem of declining birth rate and shrinking family size and their adverse impact on society and the economy, was first identified about 30 years ago when the "Stop at 2" family planning policy of earlier years was discarded. Various measures were introduced and implemented to reverse the decline, but the problem did not go away; instead it has become much worse, with the Total FertilityRate falling to a historic low of 1.16% in 2010, and this was well below the replacement rate of 2.1%. It is clear that the measures do not work. New and aggressive measures are urgently needed now before our population starts to shrink sooner than we contemplate, and our economy suffers immeasurably as a result. These new measures must tackle the root cause which is the stress and cost of bringing up children for young parents struggling to establish their careers in a highly competitive society. And the cost is not <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">confined to bringing up children in their early years but throughout their life as dependents right up to tertiary institutions. To be effective in getting women to have more children, we ought to take a significant portion of these costs away from them. The following measures are recommended : <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:160.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:160.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:160.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="596"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:160.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">1. Cash grants of $100 to $300 per month for each child up to age 19, with the older ones getting a larger amount. These cash grants are in addition to the cash gifts of up to $4,000 and $6,000 for first and second new-born babies. (Age 19 is an appropriate cut-off age as Singaporeans would have completed their post-secondary schooling at A-levels by then and the boys would have begun their National Service duty in the military forces.) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:160.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:3.9in;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:288.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="374"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:3.9in;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:288.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">2. Waiver of all school fees up to university level. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:3.9in;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:288.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:266.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:317.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="355"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:266.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:317.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">3. Available to all citizens without means test. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:266.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:317.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:365.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:347.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="487"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:365.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:347.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">4. Free medical and health benefits for mother and all children. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:365.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:347.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:377.1pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:377.1pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">5. Improved maternity leave terms for working mothers including provision for long term leave from the office to care for children, with Government departments taking the lead in this initiative. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:377.1pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:442.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:446.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="589"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:442.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:446.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">6. Introduce paternity leave for working fathers to share the burden of caring for the family. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:442.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:446.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:495.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="596"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:495.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">7. Childcare and elderly care centres to be located in every precinct in housing estates so as to facilitate convenient access for mothers working in the neighbourhood. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="Default"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:457.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:564.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="610"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:457.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:564.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">A <u>Family Regeneration Fund </u>of a sizeable sum of $10 billion should be set up to signal Government's serious intent in promoting families having more children. It should be sufficient for 5 years in the first instance. If the schemes prove popular, more funds should be set aside. The bulk of the funds will be used to award cash grants to Singaporean children up to age 19. There were about 930,000 Singapore residents in this age category; 85.7% of residents in 2009 were citizens [21] and if we use the same proportion to estimate, the number of citizens up to age 19 would be close to 800,000. If each child gets an average of $2,000, an annual sum of about $1.6 billion would need to allocated for <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:436.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="582"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:436.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">them, leaving a balance of $400 million a year which can be used to provide highly subsidized facilities in neighbourhood childcare centres. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:221.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:121.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="295"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 221.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:121.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Funding The Regenaration Plan </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:217.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:150.65pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="290"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 217.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:150.65pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Government Budget Surpluses </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:180.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 453.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:180.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">The above 6 Regeneration Funds will cost a total of $60 billion to be spread out over 5 years. This is too large an amount to be funded through the normal annual budgetary process. But they are well within our means. The Government has accumulated huge surpluses from past annual budgets. Just taking the most recent five years from 2004 to 2008 (the latest year for which official data are available), the General Government Finance recorded accumulated budget surpluses totalling $106 billion ($12.8 billion in 2004, $18.0 billion in 2005, $18.3 billion in 2006, $35.0 billion in 2007 and $21.8 billion in 2008) [22], well in excess of what is required to finance the 6 Regeneration Funds with more than adequate balances left to finance future needs should this be necessary. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:174.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:406.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="233"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 174.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:406.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Temasek Regeneration </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.55pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:436.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.55pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:436.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">An alternative source of financing is Temasek Investment Holdings. As the Regeneration Funds are a key investment in Singapore's future, it would be appropriate for Temasek as owner and guardian of Government assets , to provide the funds which amount to less than a third of Temasek's portfolio market value of $186 billion. [23] This can be done in several ways. There could be an outright sale of non-strategic investments such as financial investments which are undertaken purely for a good financial return but do not add strategic value to Singapore, for example, investment in international financial institutions like Barclays Capital , Bank of America or Standard Chartered Bank; or non-strategic companies such as Capitaland which holds about 40 % of its assets outside Singapore, it is just another property company and there are many of these real estate companies in the private sector. There is no real need for the Singapore Government to own a controlling stake in it especially when Government linked companies (GLC's) are often said to be stifling competition. As for strategic assets, Government can raise funds through a gradual sale of shares of existing compares listed on the SGX; this will allow more ordinary Singaporeans to own a part of Singapore's iconic assets such as <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:457.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="610"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:457.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">Singapore Airlines. Such sales of shares should be done gradually over the next 5 years so as prevent market indigestion. This privatization should be an ongoing process so that eventually the Government will cease to have any role in these companies and private companies can take over the management (although the Government can own a Golden Share to protect Singapore's strategic interest). Cathay Pacific Airways has shown that a successful “national” airline does not need to be owned, controlled or managed by the state. Neither does the state need to own or control a key financial institution to ensure financial stability or prudence as demonstrated by Hong Kong’s private commercial banks who also have the role of issuing the'' national currency", a responsibility normally reserved for the state in other jurisdictions. There is therefore no good reason to fear that a dilution or even a total removal of Government’s ownership, control or management of key commercial corporations will harm the economy. On the contrary, Government’s withdrawal from the commercial sector will have positive effect on the development of an enterprise culture in Singapore. We will then move towards a level playing field for private companies as befitting a mature society. Only when competition is fair and robust can true talent emerge. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:340.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:435.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="454"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 340.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:435.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Part 3 : Improving Singaporeans' Standard of Living </span></u></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:133.3pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:465.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="178"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 133.3pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:465.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Minimum wage </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:494.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:494.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">A key objective in shifting out of manufacturing is to reduce the economy's dependence on low-skilled foreign workers. However, will the shift out of manufacturing and into the services sector result in more foreign workers being hired in services companies rather than in factories? This could happen if we do nothing to constrain their inflow. In the past decade, more foreign workers had gone into the services sector than into manufacturing. They have taken up jobs not only as cleaners, retail shop assistants, sales workers and similar low-level jobs, thus replacing the low-skilled and elderly Singaporeans, but also as technicians, designers, managers and executives in slightly higher mid-level positions at the expense of young Singaporean PMETs (professionals, managers, executives and technicians). The former category come in on work permits which have a monthly salary cap of $1,800 while the latter are issued with S-passes (monthly salary from $1,800 to $2,500) and Employment Passes (above $2,500). A monthly levy in lieu of CPF contribution is imposed on <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">holders of work permits and S-passes; it ranges from $160 to $470 for work permits and from $100 to $120 for S-passes, the greater the proportion of foreign workers in the company's workforce, the higher the levy. No levy is imposed on E-pass holders who are also not required to make CPF contribution . The low levy on S-passes and the exemption of CPF contribution for both S-and E-passes, make them much cheaper than Singaporean jobseekers in similar mid-skill category; hence their numbers have increased at the expense of the younger Singaporean PMET's. Their cost advantage over Singaporeans should be removed by imposing a levy on them that is at least equivalent to the quantum of CPF contribution payable by Singaporean employers and employees. (The total CPF contribution of 35% comprising 15% by employer and 20% by employee, is very much more than the levy of $100 on S-passes representing less than 6% of the minimum qualifying wage of $1,800, and zero levy on E-passes.) The greater problem, in terms of both sheer numbers and the cost gap, is with work permit holders as they are too cheap compared to low-skilled Singaporeans even after including the levy. This has led to their massive inflow in recent years, resulting in the familiar problems of declining overall productivity and earnings of the lower-income Singaporeans. To staunch the flow effectively, a minimum wage is necessary to prevent low-wage, low-skill foreign workers from under-cutting and shortchanging similar categories of Singaporean workers. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:494.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:494.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The issue of minimum wage has been the subject of much debate in the public domain. The Government is dead set against it, insisting that it will raise the cost of doing business, reduce Singapore's competitiveness, hurt the economy and cause unemployment to the Singapore workers whom we want to protect with the minimum wage. These alleged negative effects are alarmist in nature and do not stand up to practical experience in countries that have implemented a regime of minimum wage.[24] It does not help the Government's argument when even Hong Kong, the world's most competitive economy, has decided after much public debate to introduce minimum wage legislation soon. It has joined more than 90% of countries in the world that have some form of minimum wage. Singapore is in the "no" list together with countries such as Bahrain, Brunei, Qatar, Somalia and Tonga. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 453.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The welfare of workers ought to be at the heart of every civilized society, however it is not politics but economic logic that weighs heavily in favour of a minimum wage. It is particularly more so in the case of Singapore. Absence of a minimum wage has allowed employers to hire cheap foreign workers in increasing numbers in recent years; as a result, labour productivity declined sharply (particularly in the last few years when inflow of foreign workers was at its highest), and registered an average of a mere 1% for the past decade as a whole, which made it responsible for only 20% of the GDP growth with the balance of 80% accounted for by the increase in cheap foreign workers. Raising the levy on foreign workers might equalise the cost of hiring them visa-vis locals but the effect would not be the same as that of a minimum wage. In 2003, the Economic Review Committee chaired by then Deputy Prime Minister Mr Lee Hsien Loong said in its report that it would "carefully manage the inflow (of foreign workers)....An appropriate levy will regulate the demand for foreign workers, and ensure that they complement rather than displace Singaporean workers...." We now know that the ERC has failed to achieve its objective as foreign workers have displaced rather than complemented Singaporean workers to the extent that non-Singaporeans now form 36% or nearly two-fifths, of the population. Did the ERC not find and impose an appropriate levy or was it wrong in its fundamental premise? A higher levy raises the cost to an employer of hiring a foreign worker but the increase in cost goes to government coffers as revenue and not to the worker as income, so the employer ends up coughing out more money for the same quality of worker. On the other hand, a higher wage attracts a higher quality worker as it goes directly to him, so the employer benefits from a higher output. Hence the fundamental difference between a higher levy and a higher wage arising from a minimum wage, is clear -the former raises the cost to employer and increases revenue for the Government whereas the latter benefits the company with a higher productivity worker. From the standpoint of the economy, a minimum wage is preferable to a levy in regulating the flow of foreign workers as it will raise the overall productivity level. This is where the Government and its trade union advocates miss the point when they strongly expressed their preference for its Workfare Income Supplement Scheme (WIS) over a minimum wage, arguing that the former is a superior option. Unfortunately it is not. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:163.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="218"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:163.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Workfare and Profits </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:101.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 453.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:101.2pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The WIS supplements the income of low-wage workers (those earning below $1,700 a month) that has been depressed by the influx of cheap foreign workers; hence it attempts to counter the effect but not address the cause of the high dependence on foreign workers whereas a minimum wage does. The WIS is paid by Government using taxpayers' money and hence does not hurt the employer who can merrily continue to hire cheap foreign workers. The Government currently spends $400 million a year to benefit 400,000 workers under Workfare, an average of $1,000 per worker per annum or $83 per month. [25] This is the sad aspect of the WIS as it supplements the income of the low-wage worker by a mere $83 a month whereas he can get more under a minimum wage regime. Even sadder is that coming from the taxpayer rather than the employer, the transfer payment protects and enhances the profitability of employers and widens the gap between the rich and the poor. In the 10-year period from 1998-2008, the average incomes of the poorest 20 per cent of households fell by -2.7 per cent, from $1,309 to $1,274 whereas the richest 20 per cent of households saw their average incomes rose by 53 per cent, from $12,091 to $18,472. [27] <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:353.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:445.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="471"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 353.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:445.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Income Inequality -when growth stops trickling down </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:475.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 452.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:475.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">The problem of income inequality has become much worse in recent years. Singapore's Gini coefficient (a measure of income inequality from 0 to 1.0 with 0 representing complete equality) has risen from 0.428 in 2002 to 0.471 in 2007 even after accounting for government benefits and taxes [26]. These numbers put Singapore "in league" with poor developing countries of the Third World such as " the Philippines (0.461) and Guatemala (0.483) and worse than China (0.447). Other wealthy Asian nations such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan have more European-style Gini's of 0.249, 0.316 and 0.326." [28] Hasn't Singapore "graduated" from Third World to First World a long while ago and if so, shouldn't Singapore be "in league" with other rich First World societies rather than with poor developing countries? <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:444.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:701.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="593"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:444.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:701.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">The conventional wisdom of development economists pursuing a free-market growth policy is that it will inevitably lead to greater economic inequalities as business growth will benefit the educated and well-off sections of society <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">more than those in the lower stratas, but that this does not matter as the growth will "trickle down" and benefit the poor who will have jobs and higher income to improve their livelihood. This was true in the earlier stages of Singapore's economic development but has not been so in recent years as more and more Singaporeans particularly the older ones lost their jobs while those with jobs experienced falls in their real earnings. Yes the GDP has grown and it has trickled down but it flowed through Singaporean workers and bypassed them to benefit cheaper foreign workers at even lower levels. It is hardly surprising that more than half, perhaps more than two thirds of the 112,500 new jobs created in 2010, had gone to and benefitted foreigners. A minimum wage will stem the trickle of jobs downwards to cheaper foreign workers. As for foreigners on "S" and "E" passes which do not require employers to make CPF payment on their behalf (although a small levy is imposed on the "S" passes), an equalisation charge should be imposed on their employers in order to level the field for equivalent Singaporean professionals. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:438.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:376.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="585"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.8pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 438.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:376.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">For those who are still opposed to a minimum wage, there is one additional point for them to think about : doesn't a worker deserve a living wage below which decency and dignity disappear? <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:323.5pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:445.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="431"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 323.5pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:445.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Cost of living and Government budget surpluses </span></u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:475.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:475.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">The ultimate objective of all economic activity is to raise one's standard of living. A minimum wage will help. But cost of living has been creeping up and eating into real earnings. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 4.6% in December 2010, the highest in 24 months; it is expected to hover around this level in early 2011.[29] This is high by Singapore's historical standards which used to hover in and around the 0 to 2 % range until recent years. From 2006 to 2009, consumer prices increased at the rate of 3.1 % per annum while import prices declined by 2.3%. In 2009 alone, import prices fell sharply by 8% while consumer prices rose only 0.6%., What are we to make of these figures? Are they unique in these last few years because of rising commodity prices or are they part of a pattern that has been developing in recent years? Two university researchers recently studied the trends of consumer prices. They found that "the general trend of import prices since 1981 has been downwards and consumer prices upwards". They thought this phenomenon puzzling in view of Singapore's extreme dependence on imports; on further examination, <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">they "found, somewhat unexpectedly, that non-tradeables account for 55% of Singapore's consumer price inflation, while import prices account for the rest". <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:67.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:111.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="89"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 67.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:111.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[30] <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:140.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="606"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:140.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">Non-tradeables are largely made up of labour costs, rental and storage costs, government fees and charges. They would have risen by 7.5% per annum from 2006 to 2009 since import prices account for 45% of the CPI. It is an indisputable fact that consumer inflation in Singapore in recent years has been caused principally by domestic factors, the non-tradeables, where Government policies on labour, land, housing, transport, public utilities charges for electricity and water, GST (goods and services tax), education and a host of others, have a dominating effect. These policies have boosted Government coffers and the ordinary citizen has been made to contribute to it in a hefty way that offset the beneficial effect of lower import prices that he can rightfully expect from living in an open economy. This need to be put right. We can begin by examining the Government’s basic philosophy and practice of using the price mechanism to regulate the supply and demand of public services. When the demand for any public service goes up, the instinctive response of Government is to raise its price in order to dampen demand. Using the price mechanism is a no brainer and is often a guise for revenue raising that has contributed to the huge Government budgetary surpluses year after year. The Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) scheme is an example of the use of pricing mechanism that has gone wild with ERP gantries popping up here, popping up there and popping up everywhere, faster than jack-in-the-box. While we could understand and accept why a profit-oriented private enterprise uses the pricing mechanism, we expect a higher moral purpose from Government which should devise and implement administrative measures to satisfy public demand without opting for the easy way out of raising price in the first instance. Higher prices should be considered only as a last resort after all possible non-price options have been explored and exhausted. A comprehensive review of all Government fees and charges should be undertaken immediately to see if the pricing mechanism has been abused often for revenue purposes and if so, corrective action taken without delay. We can start with the GST by waiving it for basic food items and reducing it for all the rest, and eventually doing away with it altogether. This will help arrest the decline in the real earnings of citizens particularly those in the lower <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.3pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="596"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.3pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">income group and eventually raise their living standards. Isn't this what economic development is all about? The huge Government budget surpluses that have accumulated in past years, provide sufficient buffer for Government to reduce or remove unnecessary taxes, fees and charges without the fear that it would result in budget deficits. In fact, the persistently huge budget surpluses recorded year after year imply that the Government has over-taxed the people by raising revenue from them far in excess of what it needs to provide and keep public services going. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:367.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:239.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="489"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 367.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:239.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Concluding Remarks -Solid Base for a Sustainable Future </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.3pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:268.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 451.3pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:268.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">It will take at least 5 to 10 years before Singapore can develop into a fullfledged integrated services hub for the region. To get there, Singapore has to invest heavily in expanding its physical infrastructure and human capital in the areas identified in the National Regeneration Plan discussed above .This massive investment must go on even if the overall economy slows down as the funds to finance the investment are available and will not run out. In fact, the investment will offset an economic slowdown with counter-cyclical expenditure through additional capital spending and new jobs and the resulting consumer spending. The 6 Regeneration Funds and the resulting regional integrated services hub will ensure sustainable jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities for Singaporeans in the next 5 years and well beyond. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:233.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:514.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="311"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 233.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:514.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">PART 4 : Summary of Main Issues </span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.85pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:543.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="594"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:543.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(1) The Singapore economy has become <u>more volatile </u>in recent years, with business cycle fluctuations becoming more pronounced, and Singapore experiencing three recessions (1998, 2001 and 2009) in the past 15 years, in contrast to only one recession (1985) in the 30 years between 1965 and 1995. The greater volatility led to more job losses that lasted for longer periods. Volatility has resulted in lower growth. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:543.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:671.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:671.85pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">(2) Singapore's <u>low labour productivity </u>growth in recent years is a statistical phenomenon and is the result, not the cause, of our poor economic performance. To focus on raising productivity as a key economic strategy, an old and discredited strategy adopted by the government since the early 1980's, is like putting the cart before the horse -can we expect it to succeed when it <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.6pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="595"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:446.6pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">has failed to do so in the last 30 years with productivity continuing to be stuck in the lows to this very day in spite of all the high-sounding campaigns by highlevel productivity councils? It will be more helpful if we focus our minds on economic policy because it is bad economic policy that has resulted in Singapore's heavy dependence on foreign unskilled and low-skilled workers that in turn pulls down labour productivity. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(3) A major contributor to the increased economic volatility was <u>manufacturing </u>which has been promoted by the government in the past 5 decades as a key pillar of its economic growth strategy. The strategy was successful in the first 2 decades but by the early 1980's, it was running into bottlenecks as Singapore's constraints manifested themselves. Singapore has little comparative or competitive advantage for manufacturing to flourish as land, labour and skills are in short supply. The manufacturing sector can only remain viable in Singapore through more subsidized factory land and space, uninterrupted inflow of cheap foreign labour, and generous tax holidays and other giveaways. Such economic distortions in the last thirty years have delayed Singapore's economic restructuring. We cannot afford and should not tolerate further wastage, not even for another year. Two additional factors weigh against manufacturing -firstly, most top students are not opting to read engineering as their first choice in the local universities and polytechnics, a trend that does not augur well for the innovative potential of nor the prospect for 'complex manufacturing' , a niche that the ESC wants to promote; and secondly, Singaporeans are happier working in the services sector than in manufacturing industry. Without a happy and talented workforce, can complex manufacturing succeed in a sustainable way? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:199.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:582.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:582.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">(4) Singapore's future lies in <u>services</u>. We can thrive as a dedicated services hub for the region as we had done so in the past as a vibrant commercial metropolis even before Singapore went into manufacturing in a big way in the 1960's.The rest of the region has also progressed as we have. To continue to be relevant to them, we have to develop into a full-fledged integrated services hub with the best offerings available in the field. It should be knowledge-based that will capitalise on Singaporeans' high level of education and experience of the world's best practices. It must be the right kind of services that do not exploit or offend the sensitivities of the region. The two huge casinos are the <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:6.25in;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:6.25in;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">wrong kind of services activities to have. Economic development is more than just about generating jobs and income growth. There is a moral purpose as well, otherwise we might as well turn Singapore into a prostitution hub or a distribution centre for drugs which will bring us untold riches. Economic development is about developing and using human capital to produce decent and worthwhile goods and services in a sustained way. On the other hand, casinos are a soft option that preys on human weakness to generate profits. They destroy the work ethic and lead to broken families and other social problems. The casinos should be closed down so that Singapore can part company with those who choose to prosper through vices such as gambling, prostitution or drugs; only then can Singaporeans once again walk tall and proud on the high and honourable path to economic development and prosperity. To make up for the economic loss from closing down the casinos, we need to move aggressively to develop those services we are currently good at providing so as to yield quick returns such as services involving the port, transport connectivity, financial institutions, education and healthcare. While we can be proud of having good basic infrastructure, there are still serious gaps to be filled particularly in education and healthcare. Once these holes are plugged, Singapore will have a fully developed infrastructure that will enable it not only to uplift the well-being and standard of living of its own citizens but also have additional capacity to serve the needs of the region. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:432.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:494.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="577"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:432.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:494.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(5) It is proposed that a massive <u>$60 billion National Regeneration Plan </u>be rolled out with 6 Regeneration Funds of $10 billion each in the following sectors <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="Default"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.85pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:563.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM8" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:563.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">1. <u>Industry Regeneration </u>-to provide funds to assist existing manufacturing companies to shift out into services or to relocate their manufacturing operations to neighbouring countries particularly Malaysia and Indonesia so that they can be near home and family and use the services of Singaporebased firms in accounting, law and finance, thus contributing to the development of Singapore as a services hub. Existing manufacturing firms should not be forced out. They should be allowed to remain in Singapore if they can continue to survive and be profitable like any other business enterprises without depending on special favours from any state agency such as rent subsidy, tax incentives or special allocation of foreign worker quotas. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="594"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.8pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:445.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">Existing incentives already granted should be allowed to run their course but no new incentives should be given. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="599"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="margin-right:5.0pt;line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:449.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">2. <u>Enterprise Regeneration </u>-targetted largely at young Singaporeans who want to start up their own business ventures particularly in the creative industries; concerned with the generation and exploitation of knowledge and information, they are a key component of the knowledge-based economy. Individual creativity, skill and talent drive these activities which have great potential to create wealth and jobs by generating and exploiting intellectual property. They are the industries of the twenty-first century in which our welleducated and well-travelled young Singaporeans can find traction, do well and excel. We should use our resources to support and propel them onto the world stage. By providing grants of up to $1 million to each start-up, the $10 billion fund will create 10,000 enterprises who will hire at least 20,000 to 30,000 Singaporean staff and generate business for hundreds if not thousands of firms providing services such as accounting, corporate secretarial, banking and finance, legal and public relations advice. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.3pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:406.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="margin-right:5.0pt;line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.3pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 406.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">3. <u>Schools Regeneration </u>-the key to educating the young lies in giving personal attention to the child. No two children are the same. Each child is unique. Only personal attention can bring out the best in them. This requires smaller class size so that the teacher has fewer pupils to handle and thus can know his or her pupils intimately, identify their weaknesses and strengths correctly and help them accordingly. Unfortunately, the average class size in the schools has remained about the same as it was 30 to 40 years ago. We should reduce the class size by half, to 15 to 20 pupils per class with smaller class size for weaker pupils. This means doubling the existing resources, that is, training another 30,000 teachers and building another 300 or so schools. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:612.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM9" style="margin-right:5.0pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 454.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:612.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">4. <u>Hospitals Regeneration </u>-Singapore is lagging far behind other First World countries in key indicators of healthcare; we have only 32 hospital beds per 10,000 population, slightly more than half the average number of 58 beds in high income countries, 17 doctors per 10,000 population compared to an average of 28 doctors in other high income countries, and 53 nurses and midwives versus their 81. The $10 billion fund will be used over the next 5 years to add another 8,500 beds in public hospitals and to double the number of healthcare personnel so as to achieve First World norms. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.55pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="margin-right:5.0pt;line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before: always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.55pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">5. <u>Community Regeneration </u>-to rebuild every housing estate into a multiple-use community with new-generation business parks and offices that integrate with schools, hospitals, polyclinics, day-care centres for kids and the elderly, and other public agencies so as to bring jobs and services closer to the people. Under-employed housewives and healthy senior citizens can then avail themselves of the job opportunities including part-time work while still having time for taking care of their children. This will help reduce the need for foreign workers. Travel time to workplaces will also be cut, saving transport costs and valuable time for the family. Local communities will be revitalised and rejuvenated, becoming hives of activity again. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:278.1pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="margin-right:5.0pt;line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 278.1pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">6. <u>Family Regeneration </u>-to tackle the root cause of declining birth rate and shrinking family size by taking away the stress and a significant portion of the costs of bringing up children for families. Such costs are not confined to bringing up children in their early years but throughout their life as dependents right up to tertiary institutions. Measures shall include cash grants of $100-300 per month, waiver of all school fees up to university level, free medical and health benefits for mother and children, improved maternity leave terms for working mothers, introduction of paternity leave and more day-care centres for children and the elderly in nearby precincts of housing estates. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:464.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:464.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(6) The 6 Regeneration Funds costing a total of $60 billion over 5 years are well within the means of the Government which has accumulated huge surpluses from annual budgets. In the recent 5 years from 2005 to 2009, the surpluses totalled $106 billion, well in excess of the size of the National Regeneration Plan, and there will be a healthy balance left to finance future needs if necessary. There is no need to increase taxes to fund the Regeneration Plan. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:454.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:464.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.35pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:612.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:612.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">(7) Temasek Investment Holdings can also provide funds for the Regeneration as they would take up less than a third of Temasek's portfolio market value of $186 billion. This can be done through outright sale of nonstrategic investments and companies, or gradual sale of shares in publicly listed companies which are considered strategic investments. Government’s withdrawal from the commercial sector will have positive effect on the development of an enterprise culture in Singapore. We will then move towards <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:437.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="583"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:437.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">a level playing field for private companies as befitting a mature society. Only when competition is fair and robust can true talent emerge. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="601"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(8) <u>Financial Centre </u>-the sale of shares by Temasek companies will improve the depth and breadth of Singapore's equity capital market, a key component of a financial centre's development. To promote the debt capital market, the Government should issue more long dated bonds offering yields in excess of 4 to 5 per cent for Singaporeans to invest with their CPF funds and private savings. To create a more vibrant and competitive banking sector, the Monetary Authority of Singapore can issue licences for 5 more commercial banks to operate and compete to serve local enterprises who have long complained about being at the mercy of the big 3 banks with their stiff terms ever since consolidation narrowed their choice of banks. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:327.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="605"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:327.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">(9) <u>Minimum Wage and Workfare </u>-Our workers deserve a decent and dignified living that is made possible with a minimum wage. The alleged negative effects of a minimum wage are alarmist in nature and do not stand up to practical experience in countries that have implemented a regime of minimum wage; more than 90% of countries in the world have some form of a minimum wage. It will ensure that Singaporean workers are not short-changed and under-cut by foreign workers. A minimum wage is more superior than a levy in reducing the flow of foreign workers. A higher levy raises the cost to an employer of hiring a foreign worker but the increase in cost goes to government coffers not to the worker, so the employer ends up coughing out more money for the same quality of worker. On the other hand, a higher wage attracts a higher quality worker as it goes directly to him, so the employer benefits from a higher output, thus contributing to raising the overall productivity level. The Workfare Income Supplement (WIS) is a poor substitute of a minimum wage as it represents only a meagre amount (about $83 a month) and is paid by Government using taxpayers' money and hence does not hurt the employer who can merrily continue to hire cheap foreign workers. Coming from the taxpayer rather than the employer, the transfer payment protects and enhances the profitability of employers and widens the gap between the rich and the poor. In the 10-year period from 1998-2008, the average incomes of the poorest 20 per cent of households fell by -2.7 per cent, <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">from $1,309 to $1,274 whereas the richest 20 per cent of households saw their average incomes rose by 53 per cent, from $12,091 to $18,472. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:448.85pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="598"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:448.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(10) <u>Income Inequality -when growth stops trickling down </u>-The problem of income inequality has become much worse in recent years. Singapore's Gini coefficient (a measure of income inequality from 0 to 1.0 with 0 representing complete equality) has risen from 0.428 in 2002 to 0.471 in 2007 even after accounting for government benefits and taxes [26]. These numbers put Singapore "in league" with poor developing countries of the Third World such as " the Philippines (0.461) and Guatemala (0.483) and worse than China (0.447). Other wealthy Asian nations such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan have more European-style Gini's of 0.249, 0.316 and 0.326." [28] Hasn't Singapore "graduated" from Third World to First World a long while ago and if so, shouldn't Singapore be "in league" with other rich First World societies rather than with poor developing countries? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:448.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:120.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.1pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:366.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:366.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">The conventional wisdom of development economists is that economic growth will "trickle down" and benefit the poor. This was true in the earlier stages of Singapore's economic development but has not been so in recent years as more and more Singaporeans particularly the older ones lost their jobs while those with jobs experienced falls in their real earnings. Yes the GDP has grown and it has trickled down but it flowed through Singaporean workers and bypassed them to benefit cheaper foreign workers at even lower levels. It is hardly surprising that more than half, perhaps more than two thirds of the 112,500 new jobs created in 2010, had gone to and benefitted foreigners. A minimum wage will stem the trickle of jobs downwards to cheaper foreign workers. As for foreigners on "S" and "E" passes which do not require employers to make CPF payment on their behalf (although a small levy is imposed on the "S" passes), an equalisation charge should be imposed on their employers in order to level the field for equivalent Singaporean professionals. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.1pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:366.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.9pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:651.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="602"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:451.9pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:651.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">(11) <u>Cost of Living and Government Budget Surpluses </u>-cost of living has crept up sharply in recent years, eating into real earnings; as import prices have been declining, the increase in consumer prices was caused principally by domestic factors where Government policies on labour, land, housing, transport, public utilities, GST (goods and services tax), education and a host of others, have a dominating effect. Instead of using the price mechanism to <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.65pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;page-break-before:always;mso-element: frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.65pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">regulate the supply and demand of public services, the Government should implement administrative measures. We should undertake a comprehensive review of all Government fees and charges to ensure that the pricing mechanism has not been abused for revenue-raising purposes that have contributed to the accumulation of huge budgetary surpluses. Where abuses have occurred, they should be put right straightaway. We can start by waiving the GST for basic food items, reducing it for others and doing away with it eventually. This will help arrest the decline in the real earnings of Singaporeans and raise their living standards. The huge Government budget surpluses provide sufficient buffer for Government to reduce or remove unnecessary taxes, fees and charges without the fear that it would result in budget deficits. In fact, the persistently huge budget surpluses recorded year after year imply that the Government has over-taxed the people by raising revenue from them far in excess of what it needs to provide and keep public services going. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:356.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">(12) <u>Sustainable Future </u>-The 6 Regeneration Funds and the resulting regional integrated services hub will ensure abundant sustainable jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities for Singaporeans in the next 5 years and well beyond. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="Default"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:103.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:475.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="138"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:103.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:475.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><b><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">Footnotes </span></u></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:359.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:504.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="480"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:359.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:504.75pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[1] </span><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><a href="http://app.mof.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/ESC%20Report/ESC%20Main%20Report.pdf"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue;">http://app.mof.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/ESC Report/ESC Main Report.pdf </span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:413.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:534.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="552"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 413.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:534.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[2] Professor Edward Lazear, Business Times, 3 September 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:18.85pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:563.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="25"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:18.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:563.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">[3] <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:18.85pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:563.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:563.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="603"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:563.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">“Is smoother always better? Understanding Singapore’s volatility-growth relationship” by Shruthi Jayaram, Titus Lee, Dr Thia Jang Ping, Economic Survey of Singapore 2009 <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:452.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:563.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:346.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:178.05pt;mso-element-top:604.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="461"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:346.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:178.05pt;mso-element-top:604.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><a href="http://app.mti.gov.sg/data/article/21265/doc/Feature%20Article__AES2009.pdf"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue;">http://app.mti.gov.sg/data/article/21265/doc/Feature Article__AES2009.pdf </span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:346.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:178.05pt;mso-element-top:604.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:416.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:632.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="555"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 416.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:632.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">[4] “Employment Trends During Recession: A Comparison From Peak To Trough” by Dominic Soon, Economic Survey of Singapore 2009 <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:317.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:672.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="423"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:317.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:672.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><a href="http://app.mti.gov.sg/data/article/21265/doc/Box_2.1__AES2009.pdf"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue;">http://app.mti.gov.sg/data/article/21265/doc/Box_2.1__AES2009.pdf </span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:441.0pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:697.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="588"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM6" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:441.0pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:697.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[5] Choy Keen Meng in "Singapore's Changing Economic Model", Chapter 8 of "Management of Success : Singapore Revisited", a publication of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:386.95pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="516"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 386.95pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.7pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[6] PM Lee's National Day Rally Speech on 29 August 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:230.75pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:101.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="308"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:230.75pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:101.35pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[7] Straits Times, 25 June 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:226.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:130.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="302"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:226.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:130.95pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[8] TODAY, 15 December 2010 <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:499.2pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:160.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="665"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:499.2pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:160.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[9] “JobsCentral Work Happiness Indicator” survey, TODAY 4 November 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:272.55pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:190.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="363"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:272.55pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:190.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[10] The Guardian, 14 November 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:251.3pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:220.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="335"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:251.3pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:220.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[11] Straits Times, 27 August 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:420.55pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:249.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="561"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 420.55pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:249.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[12] "Singapore Growth Model : Too Much Volatility?", </span><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;"><a href="http://www.ess.org.sg/Events/Files/2009/choy.sepf.ppt.pdf"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue;">http://www.ess.org.sg/Events/Files/2009/choy.sepf.ppt.pdf </span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">, </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">a paper presented at the Singapore Economic Policy Forum 2009. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:484.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:318.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="646"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:484.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:318.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[13] 3 out every 4 punters are Singaporeans, Straits Times, 23 October 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:268.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:348.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="358"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:268.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:348.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[14] Straits Times, 26 November 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:271.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:377.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="362"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM13" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:271.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:377.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[15] Straits Times, 13 November 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:268.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:407.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="358"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:268.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:407.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[16] Straits Times, 19 November 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:447.55pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:437.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="597"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 447.55pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:437.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[17] Business Times, 20 November 2010. In the longer term, the CPF scheme should be streamlined to focus purely on pension for old age and not be complicated with provision for medical care, housing or investments in stocks, unit trusts, real estate and other approved instruments. The latter should be taken care of separately. But this is a subject for another forum. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:230.5pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:545.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="307"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 230.5pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:545.4pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[18] Yearbook of Statistics 2010 <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:268.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:575.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="358"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 268.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:575.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[19] Straits Times, 16 November 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:393.15pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:604.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="524"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.8pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 393.15pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:604.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[20] World Health Statistics 2010, a publication of the World Health Organisation. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:237.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:654.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="316"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 237.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:654.0pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[21] Yearbook of Statistics 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:683.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:683.55pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";">[22] Yearbook of Statistics 2010. The General Government Finance is to be distinguished from Government Finance -the former, with an extra word 'General' in the front, includes budgetary and extra-budgetary accounts, and is therefore more comprehensive. Both show a consistent pattern of surpluses <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.4pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="604"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="Default" style="page-break-before:always;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:453.4pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical: page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top: 71.6pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">every year for the most recent 10 years except for the fiscal year 2009 when a deficit of -$4.3 billion was recorded under Government Finance; no figure of either deficit or surplus was published under General Government Finance for FY2009. However the Monthly Digest of Statistics January 2011 discloses that Government Finance has recovered from a deficit of -$4.4 billion in FY2009 and recorded an accumulated surplus of $15.4 billion in the first 9 months of FY2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:210.55pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:219.3pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="281"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 210.55pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:219.3pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;">[23] Temasek Report 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:408.05pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:248.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="544"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.8pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 408.05pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:248.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">[24] See Hui Weng Tat's "Minimum wage law works", Straits Times, 2 September 2010. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:317.8pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:298.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="424"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 317.8pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:298.25pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">[25] Siew Kum Hong, TODAY, 24 January 2011. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:337.45pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:327.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="450"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 337.45pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:327.9pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">[26] Basant Kapur, Straits Times, 27 January 2011. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:262.7pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:357.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="350"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 262.7pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:357.5pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">[27] Straits Times, 14 February 2011. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:232.25pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:387.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="310"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 232.25pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:387.15pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">[28] Reuters 9 November 2007. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:255.5pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:416.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="341"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM11" style="line-height:19.65pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width: 255.5pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:416.8pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">[29] Straits Times, 25 January 2011. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:455.35pt;mso-element-wrap: auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:446.45pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="607"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" align="left" style="padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in;"> <p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:455.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:446.45pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri,Bold";color:black;">[30] Tilak Abeysinghe and Choy Keen Meng, Straits Times 29 July 2010. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="CM1" style="mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-width:455.35pt;mso-element-wrap:auto;mso-element-anchor-vertical:page;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page;mso-element-left:72.05pt;mso-element-top:446.45pt;mso-height-rule:exactly;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="2">Full pdf source: http://www.mediafire.com/?bg0r9b6fbbf829c</font></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> </div><div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-65108094947493477632011-05-01T08:05:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.729-07:001988: The Elected Singapore President - TV Debate <span class="insertedphoto"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Videos & Transcripts of the TV Debate on Elected President Proposal, 1988 Singapore.</span><br> <br> <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: small;"><strong></strong></span><a href="http://is.gd/epd_1988"><span class="insertedphoto"><img class="alignleft" src="http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/1/photos/4/600x600/80/EPD-1988-VideoCovers.jpg?et=SgVbPUtQh0%2Cz3EnmMdMuRw&nmid=438549980" border="0"></span></a><br><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: small;"><strong>TRANSCRIPT OF TV DEBATE ON THE ELECTED PRESIDENT PROPOSAL - 1988</strong> <br><br>Transcribed by Nathaniel Koh on 18th & 19th April 2009 from Lee Kong Chian Reference Library, Level 11, ENGLISH 324.7 ELE. Reposted with permission. <br><br>--- <br><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong> <br><br>NARRATOR: This morning, a TV debate was recorded between the People’s Action Party and Opposition parties on the proposal for an Elected President. Mr Goh Chok Tong and Brigadier-General Lee Hsien Loong represented the People’s Action Party. Mr JB Jeyaratnam represented the Workers’ Party, and Mr Chiam See Tong, the Singapore Democratic Party. The moderator was Professor KS Sandhu. <br><br>We bring you now the debate in English, unedited. <br><br>Rules of the TV debate: The duration of the debate will not exceed 60 minutes. 50% of the time will go to the People’s Action Party and the other 50% to the Opposition parties as a group. Timekeepers will alert participants when their time is up. Format of the debate: The debate will start with opening statements. The People’s Action Party will be given 6 minutes, and the Opposition parties as a group 6 minutes - 3 minutes for each Opposition party. This will be followed by a debate on positions. The People’s Action Party will have 12 minutes to cross-examine the positions of the Opposition parties. Then, the Opposition parties will cross-examine the People’s Action Party’s position for 12 minutes. 6 minutes will be allotted for the moderator to seek clarifications. The debate will end with closing statements. The Opposition parties first. They will be given 6 minutes - 3 minutes for each party. The People’s Action Party representatives will then have 6 minutes to make their closing statements. The moderator’s ruling regarding duration, relevancy to the issue debated, and other related matters will be final. <br><br>MODERATOR (MOD): As all Singaporeans know, the government last month published a White Paper to provide for an Elected President to safeguard accumulated national financial assets and the integrity of the public services. Also, that this proposal has become an election issue. Indeed, there have been calls for a TV debate on this by Opposition parties. Responding to such calls and associated public interest, the SBC took the initiative to organise such a debate and approached the PAP and the main Opposition parties to participate in it. <br><br>Accordingly, to participate in this debate on the Elected President proposal are on the one hand the PAP, and on the other, the Opposition Workers’ and Singapore Democratic Parties. Representing the PAP are Mr Goh Chok Tong and BG Lee Hsien Loong. While the Workers’ and Singapore Democratic Parties are represented by Mr JB Jeyaratnam and Mr Chiam See Tong respectively. <br><br>The debate will comprise essentially of three parts: opening statements by the competing parties, followed by rebuttals and clarifications, and finally, closing statements. I’m the moderator, and my job is to enforce the rules agreed upon as well as to keep the debate on schedule. In this regard, the participants have been again reminded that time is of the essence and any unnecessary deviation from the topic under debate would be a golden opportunity missed. With these guidelines, it is time to get the debate underway. To do so, I have great pleasure now in inviting Mr Goh Chok Tong to make the opening statements on behalf of the PAP. Mr Goh. <br><strong><br>OPENING STATEMENTS BY PEOPLE’S ACTION PARTY</strong> <br><br>GOH CHOK TONG (GCT): Thank you, Mr Chairman. The Elected President is to protect our reserves. These are your hard earned savings, your CPF money, which is looked after on your behalf by the government. Presently, the only safeguard is the integrity of the PAP government. If an irresponsible, unscrupulous and dishonest government should one day come into power, they can spend your money without telling you about it. When you retire at 55 and try to withdraw your CPF, it will be gone. Hence our proposal to create an Elected President. <br><br>First, to safeguard reserves and secondly, to protect the integrity of the civil service. How can it do this? The Elected President must consent if the government wants to spend reserves which it itself has not accumulated, to make certain key appointments, for example, appointments to members of the Public Service Commission or judges of the Supreme Court. The Elected President will have the custodial powers, custodial powers to say no in these two key areas, and the moral authority to block the elected government again in these two areas. He will not have the right to initiate policies himself even in these two areas, be given any powers in other unrelated areas, or be an executive President, like the US or French President. It is a two-key safeguard mechanism. To unlock the reserves and take out the money, both keys must be used. The Prime Minister and his Cabinet hold one key, and the President, the other. The veto powers over key appointments are necessary to protect the judiciary, the SAF and other key institutions from political corruption, to prevent an unscrupulous government from packing the Public Service Commission or the MAS with corrupt appointees who will do their bidding and spend the reserves secretly without telling you or even the Elected President. <br><br>The Opposition have claimed that the Elected President proposal is designed for Mr Lee Kuan Yew. In fact, the PM has told the Cabinet that he was not interested in the job. He wanted to say this publicly. I have told him not to do so because I know that there are many Singaporeans who would like him to be the first Elected President, and anyway, he should not close the option, because I believe he has a lot to contribute to Singapore even after he has stepped down as Prime Minister. He is a national resource. The Elected President proposal is a major change in our Constitution. That is why the PAP wants it to be thoroughly discussed and debated and endorsed by Singaporeans. The government has been thinking about this, about how to safeguard your reserves since 1982. The Elected President was first publicly discussed in 1984 before the last general elections, and the government has deliberately released the White Paper on the Elected President before this general election so that it will be fully debated before the electorate. After the general elections, the government will table the bill in parliament on the Elected President. The proposal will be put to a select committee so that more views can be heard. Now, I do not believe in government by referendum, but if despite the prolonged consultation, at the end of the process, there is no consensus on the Elected President, then despite my reservations, we will put the question to a referendum. <br><br>In 1984, both Workers’ Party and SDP campaigned on the platform of denying the PAP a two-thirds majority, so that they could not amend the Constitution to create an Elected President. They failed. The government had the time and the majority to push the Elected President proposal through this year before we call for an election. It chose not to. Why should it want to ram through the Elected President proposal or any other hidden proposals after the general elections? Why should it want to do so when we have not done so before this? Thank you. <br><strong><br>OPENING STATEMENTS BY WORKERS’ PARTY</strong><br><br>MOD: Mr JB Jeyaratnam. <br><br>JB JEYARATNAM (JBJ): The Workers’ Party’s position is very clear. The issue is not whether there should be adequate safeguards to protect the financial assets of the country, that there should be adequate safeguards to prevent an irresponsible government from squandering our financial assets is accepted by the Party without question. But the Party believes that already we have adequate safeguards in our institution of parliamentary government. The issue is whether the supremacy of parliament, the body of the people as the final check over the government, should be diminished, whether the parliament should surrender its role and its powers to one man over whom there would be no control under these proposals. The Party is firmly convinced that government should remain accountable to the people through parliament. That is the essence of parliamentary government. We accepted this when we became self-governing. The fact that hitherto parliament has not been effective as a check on government is not due to any weakness in the system, it is due to the PAP’s deliberately followed policy of reducing parliament to a rubberstamp of the government, by blocking the growth of any opposition in parliament. <br><br>Now that the PAP perceives that parliament may begin to play its rightful role with the emergence of an effective opposition, the PAP proposed to circumvent this by this plan to transfer parliament’s powers to the man they have already decided should become President. Under the proposals, the President will not only control our financial assets, he will be given powers over the appointment of Supreme Court judges and key personnel in the public service. The magnitude of this power cannot be exaggerated. The President can under these proposals thwart a government elected by the people from carrying out the mandate of the people. These are fundamental changes to how we govern ourselves, and if these changes are to be made, the people should be first asked in a referendum whether they agree to surrender their powers to one man over whom they would have no control once he is installed until his term is over. Remember, he is not accountable to parliament. What the proposals do is to lock the people out of what is theirs. <br><strong><br>OPENING STATEMENTS BY SINGAPORE DEMOCRATIC PARTY</strong><br><br>MOD: Mr Jeyaratnam, we must stop. Mr Chiam. <br><br>CHIAM SEE TONG (CST): Thank you, Mr Chairman. We must first crystallise the issue in this debate. The PAP is saying that we need an Elected President to safeguard our national reserves. To the SDP, safeguarding the reserves is not the issue. The issue of safeguarding our financial reserves is only a deception, a distraction, a diversion from the real issue, and that is the people of Singapore do not want an Elected President. This can easily be proven if the PAP dares to hold a national referendum. At this referendum, the question can squarely be put to the people of Singapore, quote, “Do you want an Elected President?” unquote. I know the majority of people of Singapore will say no to that question. A national referendum must be held as the issue of the Elected President is so vital to our political system. It concerns the survival of democracy and the survival of our parliamentary system as we know of it today. If the people of Singapore gives the PAP two-thirds majority at the polls, this will be the last time the people shall be voting under the parliamentary system as we know of it today. The real purpose of the PAP to introduce the Elected President is to deprive the people of Singapore effectively the one-man-one-vote system. Yes, the real purpose of installing an Elected President which has executive powers ultimately is to deprive the people of Singapore the one-man-one-vote system. The threat to the change to the one-man-one-vote system was made by the Prime Minister in the early morning hours of December 23rd 1984 after the last polling day. The people of Singapore must demand on a national referendum.<br><strong><br>CROSS-EXAMINATION BY PEOPLE’S ACTION PARTY</strong> <br><br>MOD: Well, we have the opening statements. Now it is time for challenging the statements and rebuttals. <br><br>LEE HSIEN LOONG (LHL): If I may direct my first question to Mr Chiam. Mr Chiam, do you recall that in parliament on August the 12th, Mr Goh Chok Tong spoke on the subject of the Elected President, and asked you to confirm that you are in favour of making changes to our system in order to ensure that our reserves not be depleted. <br><br>CST: Yes. <br><br>LHL: And you said yes. <br><br>CST: Yes, we agree that there should be. <br><br>LHL: You agree there should be checks. <br><br>CST: There should be checks. We should have hundred, a thousand Gurka troops if you want to take care of our reserves. <br><br>LHL: It’s that simple. <br><br>CST: Eventually, these Gurka troops instead of taking care of the reserves; they will be imprisoning the people of Singapore. That is why we are concerned.<br><br>LHL: That is why we don’t have Gurka troops. Are you suggesting that? <br><br>CST: Well, take another example. If the government without me asking put ten policemen in front of my house. They say, the PAP says that ten policemen is to guard me for my safety, but I say no, they are to put me under house arrest. That is why I object to an Elected President. <br><br>LHL: You agree that it is necessary to safeguard the reserves. <br><br>CST: That is not the issue at the moment. The main issue is whether or not we want to deprive Singapore of our parliamentary system. <br><br>LHL: Do you also agree to the need to safeguard the civil service? <br><br>CST: By all means, civil servants, reserves, they must be safeguarded.<br><br>LHL: They must be protected, and some changes have been made to do so. <br><br>CST: But these two are not the issues at the moment. <br><br>LHL: But you have conceded. This is the purpose of the proposal. <br><br>CST: We are saying that the purpose of the proposal is to have an Elected President with executive powers, eventually leading us to a fall of government which we do not want, maybe a dictatorship, and then our reserves will really be lost then. <br><br>LHL: Can you explain how it will be possible for the President to have executive powers when all he can do is to say no to the government spending money which has been accumulated by previous governments, not by itself? It can tax, it can spend, it can plan, it can implement. The President has no say, but only protect money accumulated by previous governments, including CPF money. <br><br>CST: We all know the proposal, but our innermost fear is that when the PAP is threatened in 1992, and you have the majority, you have two-thirds majority, who will stop you from amending the Constitution further to hand over more executive powers to the President, internal security, finance, defense? <br><br>LHL: You therefore concede that the proposal does not contain executive powers, because you are talking about a hypothetical situation which may or may not arise. <br><br>CST: No, Mr Lee. We are going to establish something in our society, in our country, which is going to be there for ages to come, and we don’t know who is going to abuse that system that you are going to establish. What the people of Singapore is worried is the powers that will eventually end up in the hands of one person. <br><br>LHL: What about the powers which are presently proposed to be given to the Elected President? Do they or do they not constitute executive powers? <br><br>CST: Of course they do. <br><br>LHL: They do, because he can say no. <br><br>CST: Yes. <br><br>LHL: You are aware that we have a Presidential Council for Minority Rights. <br><br>CST: Well, if they are given discretionary powers, I think they are, but they are not real safeguards. <br><br>LHL: You are aware that there is a Presidential Council for Minority Rights. CST: What has the Presidential Council for Minority Rights, up to date, what has it done? <br><br>LHL: You know that… <br><br>CST: As far as I know, there is nothing effective about it. <br><br>LHL: Mr Chiam, can you answer the question? <br><br>GCT: Are you aware or not aware that there is? <br><br>CST: Of course. There was a big debate in the 60s on it. <br><br>LHL: You know that the Presidential Council for Minority Rights vets all bills before they are sent to the President. <br><br>CST: Well, I read my papers, parliamentary papers. Yes, of course. LHL: Yes. It has custodial powers. It can say no to bills if it deems them discriminatory. <br><br>CST: Discriminatory only in regard to certain matters of affecting the community, the community at the moment. <br><br>LHL: Yes, yes, in the same way as the… <br><br>CST: If there is going to be racial problems or disrupting racial harmony in Singapore. <br><br>LHL: Yes, it has the power. <br><br>CST: Yes. LHL: It is not an elected body. Is it an executive body? <br><br>CST: We are talking about electing an…installation of an Elected President, and here you are, you are diverting the issue by saying that there should be a person to take care of our national reserves and appointing of our civil servants. These are only as I have said, perhaps you do not understand me, a distraction from the real issue. The real issue is that your government is going to install one person with executive powers, and you can please tell me whether or not there is any provisions to check parliament from further giving any more powers to the President. <br><br>GCT: Mr Chairman, Mr Chiam is being cross-examined. He should give the answer. <br><br>MOD: Yes, yes. Straight.<br><br>LHL: Is or is not the Presidential Council for Minority Rights an executive body? It has custodial powers. Does that make it an executive body? <br><br>CST: Well, there’s nothing….. <br><br>LHL: It doesn’t, so why not say so. <br><br>CST: It doesn’t say anything about, you know, stopping the use of reserves. <br><br>LHL: But it has powers. It can prevent parliament from passing bills, any bills. <br><br>CST: The Presidential Council for Minority Rights, its purpose is set up to ensure that no bills would disrupt our racial harmony in Singapore. <br><br>LHL: Correct, and the Elected President is set up to make sure that no bills or any other government measures would eat into reserves accumulated by previous governments. Specific purposes. Those are custodial powers, similar to the Presidential Council for Minority Rights. <br><br>CST: No, they are not. <br><br>LHL: Does that make the Elected President an executive one? <br><br>CST: Yes, of course, as I have said so. <br><br>LHL: And the Presidential Council for Minority Rights is also an executive body? <br><br>CST: The fact that the President is able to stop the use of finance without…. <br><br>MOD: Mr Chiam, I think we will get the debate going if you could answer his question directly, and then we can come back to your turn. <br><br>LHL: Are you opposed to the Presidential Council for Minority Rights which has custodial powers? <br><br>CST: Well, there is no necessity… <br><br>LHL: You do not oppose that. <br><br>CST: There is no necessity for the Presidential Council for Minority Rights. I was not in politics when it was formed. <br><br>LHL: You would get rid of it. Mr Jeyaratnam, you would surely agree with Mr Chiam that there is no need for such a Presidential Council or indeed any safeguards whatsoever to the system. <br><br>CST: So far, you…so far, there is no law which is passed in parliament which has been refused by Presidential Council except I know of one in which parliament overruled the Presidential Council in the GRC proposal, that is what has happened. <br><br>LHL: Is that true? <br><br>GCT: No, that’s not true. <br><br>CST: You have made laws that cut out the powers of the Presidential Council for Minority Rights. That is what you have done. <br><br>MOD: That’s not the answer. <br><br>GCT: We haven’t heard the answer from Mr Chiam. <br><br>MOD: Do you want to respond, Mr Jeyaratnam? <br><br>JBJ: Was I asked a question? <br><br>LHL: Yes, you were asked a question. Do you agree with Mr Chiam that we should scrap the Presidential Council for Minority Rights and it has an executive function? <br><br>JBJ: I think there is a confusion of thought here. The Presidential Council for Minority Rights protects the minorities’ rights, their culture, and their, you know, way of life. Now, the Presidential Council for Minority Rights is not effective. Perhaps you have forgotten that parliament can override the presidential committee’s decision on any bill by itself passing the bill again with a two-thirds majority. Are you aware of that? So that the presidential committee is not effective. I, my Party, would like to see the presidential committee for minority rights made really effective. <br><br>LHL: But it has in no way diminished the standing of parliament, neither will the Elected President. Now let me ask you another question. <br>Mr Chiam, you say the Elected President denies people one-man-one-vote. <br><br>CST: Yes. <br><br>LHL: In America, they have one-man-one-vote? <br><br>CST: Yes. <br><br>LHL: They vote for a President? <br><br>CST: But their system is different. <br><br>LHL: They vote for a President? <br><br>CST: Yes. <br><br>LHL: Therefore, an Elected President does not in itself mean that one-man-one-vote is diminished. <br><br>CST: Yes, but we have a different system here. <br><br>LHL: Can you answer the question, Mr Chiam? <br><br>CST: Yes, what is it? <br><br>LHL: The question is, in America they vote for a President.<br><br>CST: Correct. <br><br>LHL: They also have one-man-one-vote. <br><br>CST: They have got an electoral system where they have other people to vote the President. <br><br>LHL: And they have democracy. <br><br>CST: Yes. <br><br>LHL: We will have an Elected President with powers far fewer than the American President. We will have one-man-one-vote too. <br><br>CST: Effectively no, in time to come. <br><br>LHL: Why does that follow? <br><br>CST: Because if you have two-thirds in parliament, and when there is a threat to overthrowing you, as stated by the Prime Minister in 1984, then you will amend the Constitution… <br><br>LHL: Mr Chiam, if we have wanted to amend the Constitution… <br><br>CST: …to give more powers to the President and that will be the end of one-man-one-vote. <br><br>LHL: If we had wanted to amend the Constitution, why do you think we did not do so before the general election? <br><br>CST: Well.. <br><br>LHL: We have the majority. You campaigned on this issue in 1984 if you will remember. You failed. <br><br>CST: No, we were against the Elected President. <br><br>LHL: Yes, and you failed. If I may quote you, in your first election rally, you said, “If the PAP is returned again, parliamentary and democratic government here will be changed to a presidential system in which power will rest with a few or one person.” We have not done that. <br><br>CST: Yes, I still stand by it. <br><br>LHL: Have we done that? <br><br>CST: Because the time has not come yet. Once it comes, you will do it, your government will do it. <br><br>LHL: Why do you think we have not done so all these years? Since 1966, there was no Opposition in parliament until ‘81 when Mr Jeyaratnam was elected, and then in ’84, you were elected, and in ‘86 Mr Jeyaratnam was disqualified, and you were alone again. All these years, we have never passed any bill, or amended any constitutional provision, without full debate, discussion, and public explanation. Why do you think we want to do so now? <br><br>CST: Because at the moment you don’t perceive the threat. Once the threat is there, I believe, unless you give us assurances, you will go ahead to amend the Constitution to hand further powers above those proposals. <br><br>LHL: If the threat is there, Mr Chiam, it will be too late for us to do anything, would it not? <br><br>CST: No, you can amend the Constitution in one hour on a certificate….in one afternoon, on a certificate of emergency, three readings, one, two, three. <br><br>LHL: Which could be done without an Elected President. <br><br>CST: No, you must have an Elected President first. <br><br>LHL: No, why? We can have the three readings without the Elected President? <br><br>CST: Well, you would not have the moral authority… <br><br>LHL: (Loud laughter) <br><br>CST: You would not dare to. That is the only reason why you want to go for election. <br><br>LHL: So without the Elected President, we would not dare, with, we would. It’s that simple. Can I ask you one last question? Do you understand the President’s powers to restrict spending is only on old money, not new money? <br><br>CST: Well, that is a very difficult issue… <br><br>LHL: You understand that. <br><br>CST: Because even Dr Toh himself says that it is difficult to determine what is old money and new money. <br><br>LHL: Mr Chiam, we are not debating Dr Toh here. Do you understand that? <br><br>CST: We understand… <br><br>LHL: Why do you object to restrictions on spending old money? <br><br>MOD: I think we should move on to Mr JB Jeyaratnam now. It’s your turn to ask the questions. <br><strong><br>CROSS-EXAMINATION BY WORKERS’ PARTY</strong> <br><br>JBJ: Thank you, Mr Chairman. We’ve been told that this plan was first mooted in 1984. <br><br>GCT: ’82. <br><br>JBJ: ’82. Alright. <br><br>GCT: ’84, publicly. <br><br>JBJ: Pray why in 1982, and not before? Was it because the 31st of October saw an Opposition member in parliament? <br><br>LHL: Mr Jeyaratnam, you flatter yourself. In 1972, the Constitution was amended to prevent sovereignty from being surrendered. <br><br>JBJ: Will Brigadier-General Lee answer the question? <br><br>LHL: Because you ran the line, in 1982…. <br><br>JBJ: Mr Chairman, will Brigadier-General Lee answer the question? <br><br>LHL: In 1982,… <br><br>JBJ: Why in ‘82? <br><br>LHL: Because by 1982, a sufficiently large amount of reserves had been built up, that we were worried for Singaporeans that should something happen, their savings would not be protected, before that there was no money. <br><br>JBJ: Was there a large jump in the reserves from ’81 to ’82? <br><br>LHL: These are cumulative… <br><br>JBJ: Please answer the question. <br><br>LHL: The PAP… <br><br>JBJ: Was there a large, a big jump in the reserves? <br><br>LHL: The reserves have been building up year by year because we have never touched them. <br><br>JBJ: But why, before ’82, this plan was never hatched up?<br><br>LHL: Why should we not? <br><br>JBJ: But why, I’d like to know. Would you please answer that question? <br><br>GCT: Mr Chairman, there’s always a time to introduce certain amendments. This was discussed first in 1982. Mr Jeyaratnam would like to think that this was prompted by his victory in Anson. <br><br>JBJ: Well, that’s not what I think, Mr Goh. That’s what the public in Singapore think. That’s so plain to everybody. May I move on to the next question? Do not these proposals make a radical change to the parliamentary system? <br><br>LHL: Yes, they make a radical change to our Constitution. <br><br>JBJ: Thank you, and let’s move on to the next question. <br><br>LHL: And that’s why they have fully discussed and are being presented for the population to decide upon them in the election. <br><br>JBJ: May I make the next question? You agree that they make a radical change. If you look at your White Paper, you say there should not be any radical change, but now you admit there’s going to be a radical change. Why don’t you go to the people on this radical change? <br><br>LHL: As Mr Goh has explained, we will take it step by step. First, a White Paper, debated, explained. Second, major general election issue. We didn’t have to do that, but we have chosen to make it a general election issue. You notice, Mr Jeyaratnam, that in your paper, Towards a Caring Society, you have made no mention of the Elected President, have you? <br><br>JBJ: But you don’t answer my question. <br><br>LHL: Because… <br><br>JBJ: You have admitted that this makes a radical change and this is my Party’s stand, it is going to reduce the role and powers of parliament further <br><br>LHL: Can I ask where in your programme you have covered this subject? <br><br>JBJ: Please don’t evade my question. We are here to debate this issue, not what appeared and what not appeared in the Hammer.<br><br>LHL: You are presenting this as a fundamental issue of momentous significance. We agree… JBJ: It is. It is. LHL: Well, where is it in your programme? <br><br>JBJ: Brigadier-General Lee, will you please answer my question?<br><br>LHL: Where was it… <br><br>JBJ: And not try and, you know, evade the issue by saying, oh, you didn’t raise this before. <br><br>LHL: Did you raise it? <br><br>JBJ: I’m raising it now. <br><br>LHL: Did you raise it in the Party’s political broadcast on Sunday? <br><br>JBJ: Now, next question for you, Brigadier-General Lee or Mr Goh Chok Tong. Under these proposals, where is the check on the President? Where is the check on the President, can you tell me? <br><br>GCT: Well, the President does not have the power to initiate any policies. He cannot, on his own, change any policies. That lies with the government. <br><br>JBJ: I’m not asking you about initiating policies.<br><br>GCT: I have not yet completed my answer…. <br><br>JBJ: Where is the check on the President’s use of his powers? <br><br>GCT: The President does not initiate any policies. It is the Prime Minister and his Cabinet that do so. The President can decide to say no to certain proposals of the government. Your question is where is the President checked? <br><br>JBJ: Where is the check on the President? <br><br>GCT: Right. Hence, the need to have an Elected President. The check is with the people. If the President does not do a good job, the people will throw him out very quickly. <br><br>JBJ: Well, have you seen your proposals on how to throw the President out? They are very cumbersome and tortuous. Have you seen that? <br><br>GCT: The President has got to go before the people every six years. <br><br>JBJ: And yet you take the line that it is cumbersome to go to the people now, at this precise moment. <br><br>LHL: Mr Jeyaratnam, we have not said that. You have not listened to Mr Goh’s opening statement. <br><br>JBJ: I have listened. <br><br>LHL: What we said was, first, debate it in the general election. Then, introduce a bill in parliament. Then, have a select committee hearing. You may present your proposals, alternative views, objections. And if at that point, after all the debate, there is still a need for a referendum, we will do so. <br><br>JBJ: May I come back to my question? <br><br>MOD: Your colleague, JB, also wants to raise a point. <br><br>JBJ: May I come back to this question? Do you agree that the President is not accountable to parliament? He cannot be made to answer to parliament if he decides not to allow the government to spend any reserves or he blocks the appointment of any civil servant. Do you accept that? <br><br>GCT: The President is accountable to the people, and.. <br><br>JBJ: The question is, is he accountable to parliament? Please. <br><br>GCT: He is accountable to the people. <br><br>JBJ: You don’t answer my question, Mr Goh. Where does he say that he can be summoned to parliament to answer these questions? <br><br>MOD: Well, his reply is he is accountable to the people. <br><br>JBJ: Doesn’t that diminish the supremacy of parliament? Does it not? <br><br>LHL: Mr Jeyaratnam, you’re dying to lord it over the people, aren’t you? <br><br>JBJ: Parliament is the people’s body. I’m not lording it over them. I’m defending the people’s rights. Parliament stands for the people.<br><strong><br>CROSS EXAMINATION BY SINGAPORE DEMOCRATIC PARTY</strong> <br><br>MOD: Well, we have now run out of time. But it is the moderator’s time, and Mr Chiam had a question. If it’s a quick question, I’ll allow it. <br><br>CST: I have the other half of the questioning to do. You have agreed on that.<br><br>MOD: No. No, it… <br><br>CST: Yes, yes, Mr Goh has to give me six minutes as well. <br><br>MOD: Sorry, I beg your pardon. <br><br>CST: Can I start now? <br><br>MOD: Yes, please. <br><br>CST: Now, Mr Goh. You are going to be the next Prime Minister of Singapore. Can I put this question to you? Do you agree that there should be a national referendum on this question of Elected President? <br><br>GCT: No, my position is very clear. I don’t believe in going to the people on every issue. You can’t govern through a referendum. <br><br>CST: No, this is not every issue, Mr Goh. <br><br>GCT: Let me finish. You can’t govern through a referendum. I’ve stated my position very clearly. If after all this discussion, first this debate in this studio, debate outside this studio before the people, select committee after the bill has been tabled in parliament, and you, I and everybody agrees that there’s no consensus on this important issue, I’m prepared to refer this subject to the people for a referendum. <br><br>CST: No, as a matter of principle, let’s take aside all this talk about consensus. Do you agree on principle that this is a very important issue, as important as dismantling our armed forces, as important as giving up our sovereignty, because we are going to give up our parliamentary system. Do you agree on this issue, in principle, that we require a referendum. <br><br>GCT: No. It is not on the same genre as selling your sovereignty to other countries.<br><br>CST: Thank you. Alright, Mr Goh. Now, assuming that you go with what you’ve just said, that there is no national referendum on this question, and you have two-thirds majority in parliament, do you agree to give an assurance to the people of Singapore that no more executive powers will be handed over to the Elected President unless you go back to the people on a national referendum to get the permission to do so? <br><br>GCT: Now, we have stated this very clearly…. <br><br>LHL: This proposal is to safeguard money…. <br><br>CST: I’m asking Mr Goh please, not Mr Lee.<br><br>LHL: Mr Chiam, we speak together. This proposal is to safeguard money. We have said that there would be no amendments not related to this money and key people, because key people are related to money. No clearer undertaking is possible. There are no other components to this. The PAP lays its cards on the table. We do not even have to open this subject. We have presented it because we want to debate it. <br><br>CST: I have only three minutes. Can you please answer the question yes or no? The question is if you have two-thirds majority in parliament… <br><br>LHL: We have no intention of making any further amendments. <br><br>CST: Alright, so you would be willing to go to the people on a national referendum should you require further powers given…<br><br>LHL: We will proceed the way we have always done with full public discussion on any issue. But this is purely hypothetical. We have no intention. <br><br>CST: The question is do you agree to go to the people? <br><br>LHL: Mr Chiam, there is no proposal. We are not intending to do any such thing. You are raising a hypothetical question… <br><br>CST: No, it is not hypothetical. You are thinking of 100 years ahead. We are only thinking of, maybe, four years ahead. Assuming that you have got problems, you are going to lose the election, are you going to pass more powers to the President without going to people on a national referendum? <br><br>GCT: The answer is a simple one… <br><br>CST: Yes or no. <br><br>GCT: And I repeat my point. We don’t believe in government-through-referendum. And we will proceed with any changes in accordance with the way we have governed Singapore all the time. <br><br>CST: So your answer is no. <br><br>GCT: No, there must be full public discussion first. The answer is not a no or yes. There will be a full public discussion… <br><br>CST: Don’t evade the question, Mr Goh. Yes or no. You are not willing to go on a national referendum if the government sees a need to hand more powers to the President. <br><br>GCT: No, you are assuming that we see the need to hand more powers to the President. We have put up a very clear proposal that we are only interested in these two areas. <br><br>CST: So I take it that you are not willing. Your answer is no. You are not going to go on national referendum in case you are going to give… <br><br>GCT: We are not contemplating of introducing any other areas for the President. <br><br>LHL: There’s no proposal. We’re not intending to do anything. <br><br>CST: We are talking of a system if the need arises. <br><br>LHL: We are talking about the Elected President. <br><br>GCT: Mr Chairman, we are discussing the Elected President proposal as it is. Mr Chiam is asking us a question on what we will do. It’s all in the White Paper. <br><br>MOD: Mr Chiam, in the opening statement, Mr Goh made the statement that if as a last resort, if all other issue… <br><br>CST: Alright, I go to the next question… <br><br>MOD: Let me finish, Mr Chiam. If all other options are exhausted, then the last resort would be they would be prepared to go for a referendum as a last resort if the need arises. <br><br>CST: Now, on the first question, he said no. I’m not going to the second question. Mr Moderator, now I go on to the next one. I presume your answer to the second question is no. Now, we come to the general elections, we are in the midst of the general elections. Now, what is the purpose of the general elections? <br><br>GCT: Very simple. First, to present our programme to the people, to get a mandate from the people. <br><br>CST: To elect a new government, isn’t it? <br><br>GCT: Exactly. <br><br>CST: Correct. Now what is the purpose of my standing at Potong Pasir? <br><br>LHL: You have to answer that. <br><br>GCT: I’m amazed. I don’t know what’s the purpose. <br><br>CST: So the purpose is not to decide on the issue of the Elected President, is that not correct? <br><br>GCT: The purpose of a general election is to decide on whose programme you’re going to accept for the next five years, and… <br><br>CST: But the purpose of this general election is not to give a mandate to the government to change the Constitution. <br><br>GCT: It is part of our programme, and we’re putting it before the people to decide. <br><strong><br>MODERATOR’S TIME</strong> <br><br>MOD: Well, gentlemen, it’s time for your cross-examinations, but if I may just come back to where we started. Let me get one thing straight on the part of the People’s Action Party. That in proposing the Elected President and the safeguarding of the accumulated reserves and the integrity of the public service, you’re not talking in terms of either hindering the proper functioning of government or dismantling anything or working out to detract in manner from the people’s rights or the normal concerns of a democracy. What you’re really concerned about is how to prevent the squandering of hard-earned reserves by putting in a check, checks and balances to be provided by an Elected President of proven worth and integrity. Is that what the main thrust? <br><br>GCT: Yes. <br><br>JBJ: Mr Moderator, if I may say, you are putting the case for the government. You are putting the case for the government. <br><br>MOD: No, I’m not. I’m coming to you now. And I’m going to ask you that is the case for the Opposition that the Opposition is not opposing the principle but you are concerned about the manner in which it is being implemented and the impact that this is going to have for the very fundamentals that you are concerned. <br><br>JBJ: I thought I made that clear in my speech. We are concerned with the further erosion of parliament’s role and its effectiveness. The Party believes that parliament and parliament alone should have the final say over what happens in this country. Now, under the proposals the President can thwart the elected mandate of the people by stopping appointments, preventing use of assets. He’s got great powers under these proposals which is not realised by the government, or they do realise it, they are disguising it.<br><br>MOD: Mr Chiam. <br><br>CST: Thank you Mr Chairman. Our stand is that the people of Singapore do not want an Elected President, and if you want an Elected President, there must be a national referendum, otherwise the will of the people will be subverted. That is our position. We are demanding that there must be a national referendum on this very vital issue. <br><br>MOD: Thank you. Do you want to add anything before I move to closing statements?<br><br>LHL: I would just like to ask the Opposition why they are against having two keys on the reserves. All these years the PAP has never found it necessary to do what the Elected President is elected to prevent namely touch the reserves in order to spend them. We have never had to do that because we always run prudent financial management. We’re now trying to put a safeguard. <br><br>JBJ: May I answer that? <br><br>MOD: Quickly. JBJ: Well, he’s taken a minute or more. Alright, but I say give that other key to the people, and that is the key should be given to parliament, and I will outline in my closing statement how I think the parliament can hold that key. <br><br>LHL: The President is elected by the people. <br><br>JBJ: But the President is not accountable to parliament. <br><br>MOD: Right gentlemen, we are really going to run out of time. And now I think you will have your last chance to say really what you consider to be fundamental. I’ll start with BG Lee on behalf of the PAP. <br><br>LHL: I think it should be the other way, Mr Chiam. <br><br>MOD: Sorry, I beg your pardon. We will start with Mr Jeyaratnam. <br><br>JBJ: No, Mr Chiam first. <br><br>MOD: Ok, sorry. Oh, you’re going to follow this order. <br><br>JBJ: That was how it was arranged. <br><br>MOD: Sorry. Mr Chiam to start off with, then Mr Jeyaratnam, and then the closing statement by BG Lee. <br><strong><br>CLOSING STATEMENTS BY SINGAPORE DEMOCRATIC PARTY</strong> <br><br>CST: Thank you Mr Chairman. I said that the purpose of the Elected President is to deprive the people of Singapore the one-man-one-vote system. Now I think it’s significant to quote from the Straits Times of 23rd December ’84, what the Prime Minister said, “Asked what alternative there were to the system, he said,” ‘he’ meaning the Prime Minister said, “he was thinking of modifications to make sure the excesses were not carried too far.” I interpret the word ‘excesses’ as being the 12.6% vote swing to the opposition in the 1984 general elections. <br><br>Now, the Prime Minister is an experienced man, and he knows that once this swing starts, the momentum will be there and if it goes to the ultimate conclusion, the PAP will lose power. In fact, that is what he said, “It is necessary to try and put some safeguards into the way in which people use their votes to bargain, to coerce, to push, to jostle, to get what they want without running the risk of losing services of the government because one day, by mistake, they will lose the services of the government.” He said, “Suppose there had been another 14% shift in votes, the combined opposition would have captured forty seats, and the PAP 39.” Mr Lee then went on to describe the mood of the voters as groping out for something which they thought was better for them. To those voters, he had this to say, “By all means, reach out. But know the price, this is going to lead to some brinkmanship, not in 1988 maybe, but if we go along this road, it must unravel” meaning PAP government will be unseated. “Is it going to be 1992?,” The Prime Minister asked, “When the PAP is going to lose at the polls.” There you were, those were the innermost fears of the PM when he expressed those words. <br><br>Now, you would notice that it is very significant. He was concerned purely whether or not the PAP government was going to be unseated. There was no mention about the preservation of our financial reserves. There was only utterances of fear on the part of PAP losing power. By all means, we have safeguards. Like I’ve said, you have hundred, 200 hundred Gurka troops to guard our reserves. But what the people of Singapore are worried is that these Gurka troops instead of guarding the reserves, is going to imprison them. That is the fear. You give powers to one person, and eventually, instead of using it just to keep our reserves, it can be used against us. <br><strong><br>CLOSING STATEMENTS BY WORKERS’ PARTY</strong> <br><br>MOD: Mr JB Jeyaratnam. <br><br>JBJ: Thank you, Mr Moderator. This issue, or these proposals rather have been put forward on a fallacious assumption that only the PAP contains within its ranks honest men, and slanderous statements made of the opposition parties that they’re all crooks. I resent that very strongly and it’s not worthy of the PAP to make that statement, shows the kind of people we’re dealing with. <br><br>I’m surprised that I have not been asked what the Workers’ Party’s alternative proposal is, and I will now tell you. A much better safeguard would be to require the government to get the unanimous vote in parliament before it begins to use in parliament before it begins to use any of the foreign reserves or the assets. In that way, the government will have to come to parliament, explain its proposals, why it needs the money, and the whole thing will be debated, and if parliament, the government party and the opposition object to this and reject it, then the Prime Minister can advice the President if he thinks that he has to have access to the reserves to dissolve parliament and to call for elections and go to the people. That seems to me to be a much more effective safeguard of our reserves than to give it to the President. As I’ve pointed out, the President under these proposals cannot be summoned to parliament. He cannot be asked to explain why he has made any decision about the reserves or over the appointments. Contrast this to the United States, the President there can be checked by Congress. Every key appointment that he makes must be approved by the legislative bodies. And if Congress doesn’t approve of any decision, it can withhold the supply of money from the President from implementing it. It seems to me, to the Party, that the PAP is fraudulent in its reasoning and its attempting to perpetuate this PAP hold over Singapore by introducing these proposals which are purely designed to pass from a parliamentary government to a dictatorship. Thank you, Mr Moderator. <br><strong><br>CLOSING STATEMENTS BY PEOPLE’S ACTION PARTY</strong> <br><br>MOD: BG Lee. <br><br>LHL: Mr Chairman. The PAP has deliberately made the Elected President a key issue in this general election. Otherwise, we will not be here today. We seek the people’s mandate to implement the proposal. Our purpose is very simple: safeguard CPF savings, prevent an unscrupulous government from squandering them without telling you or consulting you. The Elected President will stand guard over these reserves and should they be in any danger, he will sound the alarm. The Opposition are against having a guard or an alarm. You must ask yourselves why. <br><br>The Elected President will also have to consent to key appointments in the civil service, because otherwise his powers to protect the reserves can be circumvented. You just put the wrong man in, he will do the job surreptitiously for a crooked government. The Opposition says there’s no need to do anything, all is well. They say that this is a way for Mr Lee, the Prime Minister, to hold on after he has stepped down as PM. They say this will lead to an executive president, and water down our one-man-one-vote system. They are wrong. <br><br>First, Mr Chiam and I think also Mr Jeyaratnam have already admitted that there is a need to do something to safeguard our reserves and to uphold the integrity of our public service. So it’s not a difference of principle. It’s only a question of how it should be done. <br><br>Secondly, Mr Lee is not interested in this job. He doesn’t want the job. Why should he? He’s already said he doesn’t want to and we have held him back from saying so publicly. And in any case, as he has explained, if he wanted to hold on to power, this is not the way to do it. All he has to do is to be Secretary-General of the Party, and that would be enough. <br><br>Thirdly, the Elected President’s powers are purely custodial. He cannot do anything. He can only say no. And they are only restricted to two areas: key personnel and money. He cannot extend his influence to other areas. Even Mr Chiam has no objections to these two proposals. His fear is this will lead to horrendous consequences. Totally unfounded, of course. But even as it stands, he has no objection to the intrinsic powers which will be given to the President. And one-man-one-vote will be quite unaffected. In America, they vote a President. It’s one-man-one-vote. In France, they have a President and Prime Minister, it’s one-man-one-vote. And in Singapore too, nothing would have changed. <br><br>Now, we must ask ourselves why the Opposition opposes a two-key system. The PAP has never had to touch the reserves all these years. Is the Opposition intending to touch them as soon as they come into power? Why oppose? If they oppose, what is their alternative? Mr Chiam has sketched none. Mr Jeyaratnam’s alternative is a unanimous vote in parliament. What that means is that if Mr Jeyaratnam or Mr Chiam are the two Opposition members in parliament, they will effectively be the Elected President, because they would have complete veto powers in one constituency on the basis of Potong Pasir. <br><br>JBJ: But the Prime Minister can then go to the country. <br><br>LHL: So the proposal has been invented on the spur of the moment, and we have yet to hear one from the SDP. <br><br>CST: That is not an issue. <br><br>LHL: That is an issue, because the SDP, if it is against this proposal in practice, but not in principle, then it is your responsibility to produce an alternative possibility. Now the opposition is asking the electorate to deny the PAP a two-thirds majority, as if except for this majority, the Elected President would be imposed on people The PAP has had more than a two-thirds majority for more than 20 years. We have never abused it. Why do we need to do so now? A referendum? Well, if need be, we will have a referendum. Let us go through the whole process first. Argue, debate, vote in elections. Second reading in parliament, select committee and then if there’s still fundamental objection, we will hold a referendum, and it will be properly entrenched and the votes will be produced. The question is not whether the PAP has a monopoly on virtue, we don’t claim that. <br><br>JBJ: Don’t you? <br><br>LHL: The question is how can we make sure that whoever governs Singapore is a good government. Never mind whether he’s a PAP one or an Opposition one. Mr Jeyaratnam takes umbrage at some of the things which have been said about the Opposition candidates but none of them are untrue. <br><br>JBJ: What about the PAP Ministers? <br><br>LHL: The concern is how do we make sure that whoever is in charge, your money is protected. So think carefully, decide whether you want your money protected, that is what the PAP wants to do. And vote according to your decision on Saturday. <br><strong><br>CONCLUSION</strong> <br><br>MOD: Thank you. Well, gentlemen, I’m afraid we have run out of time. I wish we had more time listening to the arguments. <br><br>JBJ: Thank you, Mr Moderator. That’s what I’ve been asking for. <br><br>MOD: But that’s what we have. And we must bring this debate to a close. In doing so, it remains for me to say how grateful I and the organisers are for your participation. Thank you. Thank you.</span> <div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: small;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: small;">source: </span><a href="http://actionslavehero.livejournal.com/34820.html">http://actionslavehero.livejournal.com/34820.html</a></div> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-59402298313041059652011-05-01T07:20:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.726-07:005 questions with: Tin Pei Ling and Nicole Seah <div id="ctl00_cph1_ArticleContents1_divXtra"><div class="articleHeadline" style="padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;"><div class="articleHeadline" style="padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3" face="Verdana">The full Q&A with the rookie PAP and NSP candidates for Marine Parade GRC</font></span></div></div></div><div id="ctl00_cph1_ArticleContents1_divArticleLeftColumn" class="articleLeftColumn" style="display: block;float: left;width: 660px;margin-top: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-top: 5px;"><div id="ctl00_cph1_ArticleContents1_authorNameTag" class="authorName" style="float: left;width: 300px;padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;clear: right;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;display: block;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="2">by Sheralyn Tay and Tan Weizhen</font></div><div class="byLineDateArticle" style="clear: left;display: block;float: left;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;padding-top: 4px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;width: 350px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="2">05:35 AM May 01, 2011</font></div><div id="articlePlaceHolder" style="width: 660px;"><div id="articlePage0" class="bodyText" style="clear: both;display: inline;float: left;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;overflow-y: hidden;padding-top: 10px;width: 660px;visibility: visible;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b>Q1. What is the single biggest concern you have about Singapore?</b><br><br><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#3366ff">Ms Tin Pei Ling</font></b>: The single biggest concern I have for Singapore is the long term sustainability of the development of Singapore. I think there are a few dimensions to it. First and foremost while we don't want to just focus on the economy, I think it is very important because without the overall success of the economy, we won't have jobs for our people. Without jobs, without income, it is very hard for Singaporeans to lead a good quality of life or to even survive. If you ask me what is the biggest concern, it is the survival of Singapore; not just domestically, but regionally and internationally. It is about ensuring there are jobs and a future for Singaporeans - for us, our children and our children's children<br><br><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">Ms Nicole Seah</font></b>: I think the single biggest concern I have about Singapore, and this is the same concern that propelled me to join the Opposition, is the fact that we are growing so fast economically as a nation and in the process we are leaving many Singaporeans behind. I think that the aim of a government is to look out for the welfare of the people. I'm not advocating a welfare state where people become overly dependent but I think the current approach to taking care of the disenfranchised in society is minimalist, and I think that a lot more can be done to at least ensure that their basic needs are being met. <br><br></font></div><div id="articlePage0" class="bodyText" style="clear: both;display: inline;float: left;overflow-y: hidden;padding-top: 10px;width: 660px;visibility: visible;"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Q2. At what point would you draw the line between useful online criticism and ranting you would ignore?</font><br></b><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#3366ff">Ms Tin</font></b>: For online discussions, if it is for personal stuff, then I think these can be put aside. What is more important is the discussion of issues. There is a lot of space and potential to do that online. Many of the younger generation spend a lot of time online, and this is an avenue whereby it would be useful to engage the younger ones. Because online is anytime, anywhere you have connection - 3G for example, you can do it anywhere. I think it is an important area that we should not neglect. At the same time what is on the ground is very important. Physically we are here, the problems municipally are here. We see for ourselves, we hear for ourselves, we talk to residents. I think that is very important, so I would not say online is the sole important avenue.</font><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">Ms Seah</font></b>: I am very mindful of all the comments I receive online. I know that a lot of them are quite positive, but at the same time I do pay very strong attention to the neutral or the negative comments because I feel they have identified my gaps and that is how I can improve. However I draw the line at personal attacks; I draw the line at comments that doubt my capability based on very personal things such as the way I talk, the way I dress, the way I look. These are things that I do not entertain as constructive feedback. </font><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">I would not respond to such comments at all. I haven't had the time to respond to all the comments but I do take note of the constructive feedback, and I do work it into the way I present myself. For example, there have been quite a few comments saying, 'all of you have correctly identified the problems facing Singapore today as a result of the policies, but what are the proposals to counter this?'. This is something I have been trying to formulate - we already have a manifesto in place but I need to share more of our manifesto at the rally so as to let people know what our solutions are, and that alternative parties do have viable solutions to be presented.</font><br><br><b>Q3. <font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Should the voting age be lowered?</font></b><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#3366ff">Ms Tin</font></b>: It is a matter of calibration. Where do you draw the line? For now it has always been set at 21. Perhaps we can commission a study and see at which point - from a human development point of view - is a person mature enough to decide for the long term. As long as you are clear about what you want in the future, that is the right age. Twenty-one is probably an arbitrary criteria, in my view. If you ask me whether it should go up or go down, I can't say for sure until there is a study done.</font><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">Ms Seah</font></b>: I think it's a pity that even at the university level there are many who are still quite politically apathetic, or at least that was the feeling I got from my time at NUS. I think in other developed democracies there are a lot of kids who take an interest in politics at a younger age. But I think the tide is changing, I think this elections there are younger Singaporeans who are not eligible to vote but they are already concerned about the issues at hand. They are taking the time to read up and find out more. That's a very encouraging sign. </font><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">I feel that in junior college and polytechnic level, the kind of learning they go through is based on a lot of questioning, a lot of reasoning, a lot of critical thinking. I think by then they should be able to develop their political views already. It would be a pity if at age 18 they are mature enough to think critically about other things but yet politics is still off limits to them. I do think that the voting age should be lowered to 18.</font><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Q4. What do you think constituents above the age of 50 are most worried about?</b></font><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#3366ff"><b>Ms Tin</b></font>: There are two things. One is in terms of the infrastrucure. The elderly are physically older, so the way they move is slower and they need a lot of care and attention. We need to make sure that their access to amenties and facilties is easy. In Macpherson we have done a lot of upgrading in the past years, and we have almost completed all the barrier-free access across Macperhson to help our elderly move around, interact with people and better use the facilities and services. The other thing is to help them cope with the cost of living. Many are retired or retiring. Especially those who are retired, they have no source of income. A lot of them come from lower income families so they are also struggling to make ends meet. So financially, it can be a challenge. I think these are the two areas of concern. It is not just in Macpherson, but nationally as well.</font><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">Ms Seah</font></b>: After doing our rounds the feedback we have gotten is that old people are very worried about falling ill. I think they are starting to recognise that healthcare costs are getting more and more exorbitant in Singapore. As a result they are very afraid to fall sick and be a burden to their families. On top of that the rising cost of living is another issue. This eats into their daily expenses for their very staple necessities, like the food they need to eat at the hawker centres, things like that. So I think that they do feel the pinch that has arisen from the recent inflation and tax increases.</font><br><br><b>Q5. <font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(To Ms Tin) What do you appreciate most about the Opposition today?</font></b><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#3366ff"><b>Ms Tin</b></font>: I think they are definitely more more courageous today. I can see that out of the 87 seats, 82 are contested. I think that is a good sign. Having a contest is something we should encourage. At the end of the day it is a contest of ideas. We should definitely give the option to Singaporeans. It is also in a way a report card of the party as well, to see if we have done well in the past years. I think it is something that is valuable and important</font><br><br><b>Q5. <font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(To Ms Seah) What do you appreciate the most about the PAP today?</font></b><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">Ms Seah</font></b>: I think one thing we cannot deny - they have developed Singapore from a small fishing village to a robust economy. And I think they have done a good job putting Singapore on the world map, so events such as F1 have drummed up a fair bit of interest overseas. I do feel the spillover effect as a result of this, where you have tourists coming in, making use of the amenities. I do still feel that more can be done for the local merchants during this time, as there are some people who still complain traffic to their shops remains slow during this period and it affects their business. So I think more measures can be put in place. But overall, events like F1 have done well to raise the visibility of Singapore as a country.</font><br><br><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The interviews were conducted separately and face to face.</font></font></div><div id="articlePage0" class="bodyText" style="clear: both;display: inline;float: left;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 0.75em;overflow-y: hidden;padding-top: 10px;width: 660px;visibility: visible;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><br></span></div><div id="articlePage0" class="bodyText" style="clear: both;display: inline;float: left;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 0.75em;overflow-y: hidden;padding-top: 10px;width: 660px;visibility: visible;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><b>Source</b>: http://www.todayonline.com/SingaporeVotes/EDC110501-0000371/5-questions-with--Tin-Pei-Ling-and-Nicole-Seah</span></div><div id="articlePage0" class="bodyText" style="clear: both;display: inline;float: left;overflow-y: hidden;padding-top: 10px;width: 660px;visibility: visible;"><div id="articlePage0" class="bodyText" style="clear: both;display: inline;float: left;overflow-y: hidden;padding-top: 10px;width: 660px;visibility: visible;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><b>Mirror</b>: http://forums.delphiforums.com/3in1kopitiam/messages/?msg=49316.1</span></font></div></div></div></div> <div></div>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-88057075254316884642011-04-30T09:53:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.739-07:00Tactical Q&A: WP's Chen Show Mao at Aljunied GRC rally, April 29 2011<center><a href='http://sensesg.multiply.com/video/item/21/Tactical-QA-WPs-Chen-Show-Mao-at-Aljunied-GRC-rally-April-29-2011'><img src=http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/3/photos/upload/600x600/Tbw9ZQooCIUAAGqZ19g5/cover.jpg?et=BNE4t5nmO6uyLkXquBkGDA&nmid=0 border='0' width='100%'></a></center><br><br><br>Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-147568657308750560.post-59688241369690730852011-04-30T04:42:00.000-07:002012-10-08T03:17:41.727-07:00Numbers man: SDP's Tan Jee Say at the Yuhua SMC rally<center><a href='http://sensesg.multiply.com/video/item/19/Numbers-man-SDPs-Tan-Jee-Say-at-the-Yuhua-SMC-rally'><img src=http://multiply.com/mu/sensesg/image/3/photos/upload/600x600/TbvhdQooCIUAAHUKcnk2/cover.jpg?et=OHKE%2C3hDeoWtHzsnzPh%2Chg&nmid=0 border='0' width='100%'></a></center><br><br><br>28 Apr 2011Sensehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15105161279018462280noreply@blogger.com0